66 



(11.) The copper and lime sprays are less injurious to the trees than those 

 composed of sulphur and lime. The use of lime in winter sprays has proven 

 an advantage in enabling the workmen to see their work and complete it 

 with greater thoroughness than would otherwise be possible. A proportional 

 increase of both lime and copper sulphate is recommended for wet regions, 

 and for very wet localities a second winter spraying is advised. 



(12.) Cyclone nozzles with lateral or diagonal discharge are best adapted 

 to the work. 



(13.) The proper time for winter spraying and the number of applications 

 depend to some extent on the locality, season, etc., but active sprays are 

 likely to do most good if applied from one to three weeks before the opening 

 of the blossoms in spring. The proper time to apply sprays for the preven- 

 tion of curl is in dry, calm weather, and during the middle of the day, in 

 order to avoid dew or frost upon the limbs as much as possible, 



(14.) Of nearly 200 peach and nectarine varieties considered with a view 

 of determining their comparative susceptibility to curl, it was found that 

 very few were wholly free from the disease and that some were very subject 

 to it. Some of the choicest varieties, as the Elberta and Lovell, are seriously 

 affected, but it has been demonstrated that a single winter treatment will 

 prevent the disease upon even these varieties. It may be thus fairly claimed 

 that the spraying methods recommended will save to the peach industry some 

 of its finest varieties, as well as result in the saving of foliage and crops- 

 already indicated. 



ALTERNARIA or THE CITRUS TRIBE. 



[See Coloured Plate opposite p. 60.] 



UNDEE this general appellation I shall include a large number of cases 

 that have come under my notice during a series of years reaching back 

 as far as 1890. The cases are numerous, and sometimes they have been 



a source of loss to orchardists, 

 though they were more often 

 the cause of anxiety lest they 

 should turn into something 

 more serious. While I cannot 



* 400 A JA /fPlk be certain that the cause in all 



these instances is the same- 



fun " us ' {i is ceYt ?> .y 



opinion, that no reliable differ- 



i. of the fruit < ence Q f Qrm ^ ^ Q pointed Out 



among the various specimens,, 

 in spite of the fact that they occur on various parts of various citrus 

 species, and hail from various parts of the country. I shall there- 

 fore speak of "the disease" caused by this "fungus," although 

 I wish to imply thereby only my suspicion that all are but form& 

 of one and the same thing. This will, I think, lead orchardists into 

 no difficulty, as the treatment for all such cases must be practically the 

 same until some proof is forthcoming thai the various cases are 

 different in nature. 



Briefly, the disease is due to attacks of an Alternaria, the symptoms 

 being displayed as spots on the foliage, young branches, and fruit of 

 the orange, mandarin, and lemon. 



