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the deeper the better, within economic limits. If the solution be used, 

 it should be sprinkled on, and it may be best to work it in somewhat. 

 This sulphate may be applied at the rate. of 2 cwt. per acre. This 

 substance also has some manurial value. Except in cases of very 

 definite and marked local infestation of the soil the application of 

 sulphate of iron is not recommended. 



The ordinary disinfecting solution of Formalin may be used in the 

 same manner in a small way, as for instance in a flower garden. 



2. Whenever a tree, vine or post is attacked by a timber-rotting 

 fungus, and there is other valuable vegetation in the neighborhood, it is 

 well to isolate the diseased area by means of a trench all round, dug deep 

 enough to cut off the thread-like underground growth of mycelium. 

 The depth to which the trench should be carried can be easily judged 

 in some cases, but not so easily in others. Before commencing on the 

 trench dig down where the fungus filaments are most abundant in the 

 soil, and observe to what depth they penetrate. After measuring the 

 maximum depth to which the filaments penetrate dig the trench to 

 this depth and a little more. The location of the trench should 

 receive careful attention, after the same manner ; put the spade down 

 at various distances from the centre of the infestation and turn up the 

 soil and examine it for threads of the fungus. When their limit has 

 been found locate the trench well beyond that limit, for it is usual for 

 these growths to taper off, and thus their exact limit is usually 

 considerably beyond the apparent limit. This measure is one that is of 

 considerable practical value, especially in those cases where the trenches 

 can be made to serve at the same time to secure better drainage. 



3. The timber-rotting fungi are more common in soils that are 

 poorly drained than in those that are well drained, though lands that 

 are soaked constantly may not be very subject to their attacks. Good 

 drainage is therefore to be recommended as a means of minimising 

 the bad effects of these pests. 



4. It is a paying precaution to treat the bottoms of fence and vine- 

 yard posts in a manner known to hinder decay, and this is especially 

 the case with posts composed in any degree of decayed wood. It 

 goes without saying that posts with signs of decay should, if possible, 

 be avoided. Charring or covering with tar are highly to be recom- 

 mended as representing money and labour well invested on the under- 

 ground portions of posts. 



5. The presence in the soil of any insects gnawing the roots of 

 plants renders the plants more liable to attack, for as before pointed 

 out, there is good reason to suppose these root-rotting fungi are 

 mostly unable to make their way into plants except through some 

 injury in the bark. In like manner in an orchard or vineyard where 

 there is reason to fear the attacks of these fungi special care should 

 be exercised not to injure the roots when cultivating. 



6. Of course all infested posts, tree-trunks, and infested stalks 

 should be removed and destroyed, preferably by fire. Roots of 

 infested trees and vines should be dug out and destroyed. 



7. Turning now to the ' ' galls " found on roots of vines and fruit 

 trees the best remedy is the removal of the galls. Plants suspected 



