OF MILLS. &f 



it in motion ; and if the usual weight were to act 

 fairly, it would be more than sufficient to move all 

 the machinery, and make the pendulum vibrate 

 also with much greater force than it does. 



OF MILLS. 



A mill, in the strict sense of the word, signifies 

 a machine for grinding corn, though the term mill- 

 work is frequently applied to all kinds of ma- 

 chinery where large wheels are used. 



Mills are distinguished into various kinds, either 

 according to the powers by which they are 

 moved, or the uses to which they are applied. 

 Thus, there are water-mills, horse-mills* and wind- 

 mills ; corn-mills, fulling-mills, powder-mills, bori?ig- 

 ■nills, &c. 



The limits of this work not permitting us to 

 enter into the detail of all these different sorts of 

 mills, we shall confine ourselves to that most useful 

 machine, the corn-mill. 



In ancient times, corn was ground only by hand- 

 mills consisting of two stones similar to those used 

 in water-mills, but much smaller, the upper one 

 having a piece of wood fixed into it to move it by. 

 They are still used in some parts of Scotland, and 

 are called querns. 



These, however, have given place to water-mills 

 and wind-mills, which are now commonly used. 



Water-miils are of three kinds: — breast-mills, 

 undershot-mills, and over shot-mills, according to the 

 manner in which the water is applied to the great 

 wheel. In the first, the water falls down upon the 

 wheel at right angles to thejloat-boards, or bucket, 

 placed all round the wheel to receive it. In the 

 second, which is used where there is no fall of 



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