1Q1< HYDRAULICS. 



the close valve /;, but forces all that water up the 

 crooked pipe E, through the valve e, which then 

 opens upward by the force of the water; and this 

 water, after having filled the box G, rises into the 

 pipe N, and runs off by the spout at O. 



During the descent of the plunger K, the valve 

 f falls down, and covers the top of the crooked 

 pipe F; and the pressure of the atmosphere on the 

 well A A forces the water up the pipe C, through 

 the valve S, which then opens upward by the force 

 of the ascending water; and this water runs from 

 S into the pump-barrel, and fills all the space in it 

 above the plunger. 



When the plunger is down to its lowest descent 

 at D, and stops there for an instant, in that instant 

 the valve S falls down, and shuts the top of the 

 pipe C; and then, as the plunger is raised, it 

 cannot force the water above it back through the 

 valve S, but drives all that water up to the crooked 

 pipe F, through the valve f, which opens upward 

 by the force of the ascending water ; which water, 

 after filling the box G, is forced up from thence 

 into the pipe N, and runs off by the spout at O. 



And thus, as the plunger descends, it forces the 

 water below it up the pipe £ ; and as it ascends, 

 it forces the water above it up the pipe F, the 

 pressure of the atmosphere filling the pump-barrel 

 below the plunger, through the pipe B, while the 

 plunger ascends, and filling the barrel with water 

 above the plunger, through the pipe C, as the 

 plunger goes down. 



And thus there is as much water forced up the 

 pipe N, to the spout O, by the descent of the 

 plunger, as by its ascent; and, in each case, as 

 much water discharged at O, as fills that part of 





