188 DYEING. 



Cotton and linen are dyed red with madder. 

 Cochineal, which gives so fine a red to wool, by the 

 nitro-muriate of tin, communicates only a dirty red 

 to cotton and linen, by the same means. 



Madder reds are of two kinds. 1. The common 

 madder red, which is formed by impregnating the 

 cotton or linen with galls, and afterwards alumed, 

 and then putting them into the madder bath. 

 2. The Adrianople, or Turkey red. This process 

 was brought from the East. It is more durable 

 and more beautiful than the common red. The 

 cloth is first impregnated with oil, then with galls, 

 and lastly, with alum. It is then boiled for an 

 hour, in a decoction of madder, which is commonly 

 mixed with a quantity of blood. After the cloth is 

 dyed, it is plunged into a soda ley, in order to 

 brighten the colour. The chief difficulty is in 

 the application of the mordant, which is the 

 most complicated employed in the whole art of 

 dyeing. 



Cotton may be dyed scarlet by the murio-sul- 

 phate of tin, cochineal, and quercitron bark j but 

 the colour is extremely fugitive. 



Of Dyeing Yellow. 



The chief yellow dyes are M^eld, sumach, fustic, 

 turmeric, and quercitron bark. 



Weld is a vegetable that grows commonly in 

 this country. 



Sumach is a shrub growing naturally in the 

 South of Europe. 



Fustic is the wood of a tree wliich grows in the 

 West Indies. 



Querciti^on is the bark of a tree which is a native 

 of North America. 



