90 DISEASES OF THE HOESE, 



we slioulS give large and frequent doses of white-oak bark t«a, dram 

 doses of tannic or gallic acid, or the same quantity of sugar of lead, 

 ever}^ half hour or hour. Fluid extract of ergot or tincture of the 

 chlorid of iron, in ounce doses, may be selected. Cold water dashed 

 upon the right side or injected into the rectum is highly spoken of as 

 a means of checking the hemorrhage. 



BILIARY CALCULI, OR GALLSTONES. 



These are rarel}' found in the horse, but may occupy the hepatic 

 ducts, giving rise to jaundice and to colicky pains. There are no 

 absolutely diagnostic symptoms, but shoukl one find a horse that 

 suffers from repeated attaclvs of colic, accompanied with symptoms 

 of violent pain, and that during or following these attacks the animal 

 is jaundiced, it is possible that gallstones are present. There is little 

 or nothing to be done except to give medicines to overcome pain, 

 trusting that these concretions may pass on to the bowels, where, 

 from their small size, they will not occasion any inconvenience. 



DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN. 



Diseases of the pancreas and spleen are so rare, or their symptoms 

 so little understood, that it is impossible to write anything concei'iiing 

 either of these organs and their simple diseases that will convey to 

 the reader information of practical value. 



GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES. 



[By Maurice C. Hall. Ph. D., D. V. M.] 



Horses are subject to infestation bj' a number of species of worms, 

 these worms being especially numerous at certain pomts in the 

 alimentary canal. 



The tapeworms of the horse are relatively unimportant and not 

 very common. There are three species, the smallest about two inches 

 long and the largest about eight inches long. These two occur in 

 the small intestine ; a form intermediate in size may also -be found 

 in the cecum and colon. These are flat, segmented worms with the 

 head at the smaller end. 



Flukes occur in horses elsewhere, but have apparently never been 

 reported in the United States. 



Roundworms, or nematodes, constitute the most important gi"oup 

 of parasitic worms in the horse. The more important of these are 

 as follows: 



Roundworm {Ascans equoritm). — ^This is the common large, yel- 

 lowish roundworm (PL V, fig. 5), about the size of a lead pencil 

 or larger, which mav be found in horses almost anvwhere in the 



