DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 91 



United States. It occurs in the intestine and i)iobably occasions 

 little damage as a rule, except when present in hirge numbers, in 

 which case it will probably be found in the droppings. The symp- 

 toms occasioned by it are rather obscure and are such as might aiise 

 from a nuuiber of other causes, namely, colicky pains, depraved aj)- 

 petite, diarrhea or constipation, and general unthrii'tiuess. In a 

 general way. the presence of parasites may be susi>ected when an 

 aniuial shews no fever but is unthrifty, debilitated, and shows dis- 

 ordered bowel moAements in cases where there is no evident ex})la na- 

 tion in the way of feed, care, and surroundings. 



Triiitnunt for the removal of this worm consists in the use of 

 anthelmintics such as tartar euietic, tur[>entine, and carl)on bisulphid. 

 but as these remedies are essentially poisons intended to kill the 

 Avorm. and as their use by persons unused to determining conditions 

 unfavorable for their use is dangerous and likely to result in the 

 death of the animal or in pernuinent injury to the kidneys or other 

 organs, it is advisable to call in a veterinai'ian in such cases. 



PiNwoRM {O.rt/ui'is equi). — This is a rather large worm (PI. \'. 

 fig. 1), somewhat smaller than the foregoing and readily distin- 

 guishable fiom it by the presence of a long, slender tail. It also 

 occurs generally throughout the United States, and except when 

 present in large numbers probably does very little damage. It in- 

 liabits the laige intestine and hence is difficult to reach with medicines 

 administered by the mouth. The use of a half ounce of gentian 

 on the feed night and morning for a week has been recommended, 

 but the use of rectal enemas will give moie jirompt and iierhap> more 

 certain residts. These enemas may be made up with one or two table- 

 spoonfids of salt to the pint, or infusions of quassia chips, a half 

 pound to the gallon of water, and injected into the rectum on<e (u- 

 twice a day. 



Stomach worms of the horse {Hahronem^i spp.). — These worms 

 (PI. V, fig. 4) occur in nodules in the mucous lining of the horse's 

 stomach and are credited with doing more or less damage. Their 

 pi*esence is not likely to Ix* diagnosed in the present state of our 

 knowledge, but in ca.se their presence is deteiinined or suspected in 

 connection with the sunmier .sores noted later, tartar emetic is recom- 

 mended. At least one of these worms has an intermediate stage in 

 the ordinary houseHy, the fly becoming infested while it is a larva 

 developing in horse manure. Obviously, therefore, any measures 

 looking toward the eradication of the fly or the proper disposal of 

 manure will aid in tiie control and eradication of this worm. The 

 T'^nited States Hureati of P^.ntomology has .shown that fly maggots 

 travel downward through a uianure pile as it comes tiujc for the 

 maggot to enter the ground ami pupate, and an excellent maggot 



