DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 105 



structed at about the lieight lie carries his head. Having to reach 

 too high or too low may cause so luuch i)ain that the auinial would 

 rather forego satisfying what little appetite he may have than inllict 

 pain by craning his head for feed or water. A supply of fresh water 

 should be before him all the time: he will not drink too nuich. nor 

 will the cold water hurt him. Constipation (if present) must bo 

 relieved by enemas of warm water, administered three or four times 

 during the twenty-four hours. 



A liniment composed of 2 ounces of olive oil and 1 each of solu- 

 tion of ammonia and tincture of cantharides, well shaken together, 

 may be thoroughly nibbed in about the throat from ear to ear, and 

 about C inches down over the wind]>iiie, and in the space between the 

 lower jaws. This liniment should be applied once a day for two or 

 three days. 



If the animal is bieathing with great dilliculty. persevere in steam- 

 ing the nostrils, and dissolve '2 drams of chlorate of potassium in 

 every gallon of water he will drink : even if he can not swallow nuR-h 

 of it, and even if it is returned through the nostrils, it will be of some 

 benefit to the pharynx as a gaigle. 



An electuary of acetate of potash, 2 drams, honey, and licorice 

 powder may be spread on the teeth with a paddle every few hours. 

 Tf the pain of coughing is great, 2 or 3 grains of morphin may be 

 added to the electuary. 



When the breathing begins to be loud, relief is afforded in some 

 cases by giving a drench composed of 2 drams of fluid extract of 

 jaborandi in half a pint of water. If benefit is derived, this drench 

 may be repeated four or five hours after the first dose is given. It 

 will cause a free flow of saliva from the mouth. 



In urgent cases, when suffocation seems inevitable, the operation of 

 tracheotomy must be performed. To describe this operation in words 

 that would make it comprehensible to the general reader is a moi-e 

 difficult task than performing the ojieration. which, in tlie hands of 

 the expert, is simple and attended with little danger. 



The operator should be provided with a tracheotomy tube (to be 

 purchased from any veterinary instrument maker) and a sharp knife, 

 a sponge, and a liucket of clean cold water. The place to be selected 

 for opening the wind}upe is that part which is found, upon examina- 

 tion, to be least coveied with muscles, about 5 or C inches below the 

 throat. Right here, then, is the place to cut through. Have an 

 assistant hold the animal's head still. Orasp your knife firmly in 

 the rijrht hand, select the spot and make the cut from above to below 

 directly on the median line on the anterior surface of the windpipe. 

 Make the cut about 2 inches long in the windpipe: this nece.ssitates 

 cutting three or fom- rings. One bold stroke i> usually sufficient, but 

 if it is necessary to make several other cuts to fini.sh the operation, do 



