DISEASES OF THE IHINAHV ORGANS. 141 



HEMATIRIA (BLOODY URINE), 



Cautu'. — As soon in the lunsi.'. hlootly uiiiio is usually the dii-ect 

 result of mechanical injuries, as sprains ami fraotuies of the loins, 

 lacerations of the suhlu.mbar muscles (psoas), iiritation caused by 

 stone ill the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. It may, however, 

 occur 'Nvith acute c<)n<;estion of the kidney, with tumors in its sub- 

 stance, or with papilloma or other diseased growth in the bladder. 

 Acrid diuretic plants present in the feed may also lead to the escape 

 of blood from the kidney. The predisi)osition to this atfection is, 

 however, incomparably less than in the case of the ox or the sheep, 

 the difference being: attributed to the greater plasticity of the horse's 

 blood in connection with the larger (luantity of fibrin. 



The blo<^)d nuiy be present in small clots or in more or less intimate 

 admixture with the urine. Its coijdition may furnish some indication 

 as to its source; thus, if from the kidneys it is more liable to be uni- 

 formly diffused through the urine, while as furnished by the bladder 

 or passages clots are more liable to be present. Again, in bleeding 

 from the kidney, minute, cylindrical clots inclosing blood globides 

 and formed in the uriniferous tubes can be detected under the micro- 

 scope. Precision also may be approximated by observing whether 

 there is coexisting fracture, sprain of the loins, or stone or tumor in 

 the bladder or urethra. 



Tnatjncnt. — The disease being mainly due to diiect injury, treat- 

 ment will consist, first, in remo\ ing such cause whenever possible, and 

 then in applying general and local styptics. Irritants in feed nnist 

 be avoided, sprains appropriately treated, and stone in bladder or 

 urethra removed. Then give mucilaginous drinks (sli}>pei'y elm. lin- 

 seed tea) freely, and styptics (tincture of chlorid of iron 3 drams, 

 acetate of lead one-half dram, tannic acid one-half dram, or oil of 

 turpentine 1 ounce). If the dischaige is abundant. ai)ply cold water 

 to the loins and keep the animal pei'fectly still. 



HEMOGLOBIMRIA (AZOTURIA, AZOTEMIA, POISONING BY 



ALBUMINOIDS). 



I^ike diabetes, this is lather a disease of the liver and blood-foini- 

 ing functions than of the kidney, but as prominent symptoms are loss 

 of control over the hind limbs and the passage of ro]>v and dark- 

 coloi-ed urine, the vulgar idea is that it is a disorder of the urinaiy 

 (»rgans. It is a complex affection directly connected with a plethora 

 in the blood of nitrogenized constituent.s. with extreme nervous and 

 muscular disorder and the excietion of a dense leddish or biowuish 

 urine. It is directly connected with high feeding, especially on 

 liighly nitrogenized feed (oat.s, bean.s, peas, vetches, cottonseed meal), 

 and with a period of idleness in the stall undei* full rations. The 

 disease is never seen at pasture, rarely nndtr constant daily work, 



