176 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



and firmness of the udder, with tlie smoothing out of its wrinkles, 

 is a suggestive sign, even though it appears only at intervals during 

 gestation. 



A steady increase in weight (1^ pounds daily) about the fourth or 

 fifth month is a useful indication of pregnancy. So is a swollen and 

 red or bluish-red appearance of the vaginal mucous membrane. 



From the seventh or eighth month onward the foal may be felt by 

 the hand (palm or knuckles) pressed into the abdomen in front of the 

 left stifle. The sudden push displaces the foal toward the opposite 

 side of the w^omb, and as it floats back its hard body is felt to strike 

 against the hand. If the pressure is maintained the movements of 

 the live foal are felt, and especially in the morning and after a drink 

 of cold water or during feeding. A drink of cold water will often 

 stimulate the fetus to movements that may be seen by the eye, but 

 an excess of iced water may prove injurious, even to the causing of 

 abortion. Cold water dashed on the belly has a similar efi^ect on the 

 fetus and is equally provocative of abortion. 



Examination of the uterus Avith the oiled hand introduced into the 

 rectum is still more satisfactory, and, if cautiously conducted, no 

 more dangerous. The rectum must be first emptied and then the 

 hand carried forward until it reaches the front edge of the pelvic 

 bones beloAV, and pressed downward to ascertain the size and outline 

 of the womb. In the unimpregnated state the vagina and womb can 

 be felt as a single rounded tube, dividing in front to two smaller 

 tubes (the horns of the womb). In the pregnant mare not only the 

 body of the womb is enlarged, but still more so one of the horns 

 (right or left), and on compression the latter is found to contain a 

 hard, nodular body, floating in a liquid, which in the latter half of 

 gestation may be stimulated by gentle pressure to manifest spon- 

 taneous movements. By this method the presence of the fetus may 

 be determined as early as the third month. If the complete, natural 

 outline of the virgin womb can not be made out, careful examination 

 should always be made on the right and left side for the enlarged 

 horn and its living contents. Should there still be difficulty the mare 

 should be placed on an inclined plane, with her hind parts lowest, 

 and two assistants, standing on opposite sides of the body, should 

 raise the low^er part of the abdomen by a sheet passed beneath it. 

 Finally the ear or stethoscope applied on the wall of the abdomen 

 in front of the stifle may detect the beating of the fetal heart (one 

 hundred and twenty-five a minute) and a blowing sound (the uterine 

 sough), much less rapid and corresponding to the number of the 

 pulse of the dam.' It is heard most satisfactorily after the sixth or 

 eighth month and in the absence of active rumbling of the bowels 

 of the dam. 



