DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 



197 



ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS. 



(I'ls. XV-X\111.) 



AbnoiiiKil presentations may be tabulated as follows: 



Fore limbs. 



Anterior pree- 

 eutations. 



Posterior pres- 

 entations. 



Head. 



Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons shortr 

 ened. 



fronted over the neck. 



IU»nt biuk at the kneo. 



IkMit l)U( k fniin tlu' nliouldcr. 



Ik'Ut do\m\\aril on the ne<k. 



Head and lu-^k turned back beneath the breast. 



Turned to one side. 



Turned upward and b;u'kwanl on the back. 



Hind limb.s Hind feet engaged in the pelvis. 



Transverse Iia<k of foal to Ride of pelvis. 



Inverted Ba<k of foal to floor of pelvis. 



Uind limbs |}|^""J on itself at the hock. 



|.nent at tlie hip. 



Transverse liack of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to lloor of pelvis. 



TraJl8^'e^8e presentation of body. 



fWitli back and loin.s presented. 

 "\With breast and belly presented. 



Fore limbs incompletely extended. — In cases of this kind, hot 

 only are the back tendons behind the knee and shank bone unduly 

 short, but the sinew extending from the front of the shoulder blade 

 over the front of the elbow and down to the head of the shank bone 

 is al.'^o shortened. The re.sidt is that the fore limb is bent at the knee 

 and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The condition obstructs parturi- 

 tion by the feet becoming pressed against the floor of the pelvis or 

 by the elbow pressing on its anterior brim. Kelief is to be obtained 

 by forcible extension. A rope with a running noose is pas.^ed around 

 each fetlock and a repeller (see Plate XIV) planted in the breast 

 is pre.s.sed in a direction upward and backward while active traction 

 is made on the ropes. If the feet are not thereby raised from the 

 floor of the pelvis the palm of the hand may be placed beneath them 

 to protect the mucous membrane until they have advanced sulli- 

 ciently to obviate this danger. In the al).sence of a repeller, a smooth 

 rounded fork handle may be employed. If the shortening is too 

 great to allow of the extension of the limbs in this way, the ten.se 

 tendons may be cut across behind the shank bone and in frotit of 

 the elbow, and the limb will be easily straightened out. This is 

 mo.st easily done with an embryotomy knife furnished with a ring 

 for the middle finger, so that the bhule may be protected in the 

 palm of the hand. (See Plate XIII, fig. 4.) 



Fork li.mh ruossKu <»vkk h.\« k of ne( k. — AVith the long fore limbs 

 of the foal this readily occiu's, and the resulting increase in thickness, 

 both at the head and shoulder, offers ft serious obstacle to progress. 

 (See Plate XV, fig. 2.) The hand iiitrodu<»'<l into the passage de- 

 tects the head and one fore foot, ami farther back on the same side 

 of the head the second foot, from which the limb may be traced 

 obliquely across the back of the neck. 



