482 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



with Persian insect powder, to keep a light blanket or fly net on the 

 horse, to close doors and windows with fine screens and destroy by 

 pyrethrum any flies that have gained admission, to remove all manure 

 heaps that would prove breeding places for flies, to keep the stalls 

 clean, deodorize by gypsum, and to spread in them trays of dry chlo- 

 rid of lime. For the poisoned bites apply ammonia, or a solution of 

 1 part of carbolic acid in 20 parts of sweet oil or glycerin, or one- 

 fourth ounce bicarbonate of soda and 1 dram of carbolic acid in a 

 quart of water may be used. 



A large number of fly repellents have been recommended, but most 

 of them must be applied daily in order to maintain the protective 

 effect. Among the things used are carbolic solutions, pine tar, oil 

 of tar, fish oil, laurel oil, oil of citronella. oil of sassafras, oil of cam- 

 phor, and cod-liver oil. These things must be used judiciously or 

 they will result in poisoning or removal of the hair from the animal 

 in some instances. Ten per cent oil of tar in Beaumont oil or in 

 cottonseed oil was found to be safe and efficacious by Graybill. 



The use of the fly-maggot trap noted under stomach worms of 

 the horse, and of the various forms of the Hodge flytrap, is recom- 

 mended. 



FLEAS. 



The flea of man and those of })oultry, when numerous, will bite 

 the horse and give rise to rounded swellings on the skin. To dispose 

 of them it is needful to clear the surroundings of the grublike larvae 

 as well as to treat the victim. The soil may be sprinkled with quick- 

 lime, carbolic acid, coal tar, or petroleum : the stalls may be deluged 

 with boiling water and afterwards painted with oil of turpentine 

 and littered with fresh pine sawdust, and all blankets should be 

 boiled. The skin may be sponged with a solution of 1 part carbolic 

 acid in 50 parts of water. Other animals should be kept free from 

 fleas or kept away from the vicinity of the stable. 



The chigoe {Pule.r. penetrans) of the Gulf coast is still more in- 

 jurious, because it burrows under the surface and deposits its eggs to 

 be hatched out slowly with much irritation. The tumor formed by it 

 should be laid open and the parasite extracted. If it bursts so that 

 its eggs escape into the wound, they may be destroyed by introducing 

 chloroform into the Avound. 



LICE. OR PEDICULI. 



Two kinds of lice attack the horse, one of which is furnished with 

 narrow head and a proboscis for perforating the skin and sucking the 

 blood, and the otlier — the broad-headed kind — with strong mandibles, 

 by which it bites the skin only. The poor condition, itching, and loss 

 of hair should lead to suspicion, and a close examination will detect 

 the lice. They may be destroyed by rubbing the victim with sulphur 



