544 DISEASES OE THE IIOESE. 



At the present time very good results are being obtained with vac- 

 cination consisting of an injection of highly potent anthrax serum on 

 one side of the animal and a vaccine on the other side. This method 

 of treatment requires only a single handling of the animals and 

 further possesses advantages over the Pasteur treatment in that it im- 

 mediately makes animals immune. In the numerous applications of 

 this form of treatment very good results have been obtained and the 

 immunity produced thereby usually lasts at least one year. The vac- 

 cinated animals should be kept for a period of ten days to two weeks 

 from exposure, since during that period they are at times even more 

 susceptible to the disease, and therefore care should be taken not to 

 reduce their vitality. 



Prevention. — In attempts to control the disease it is essential, aside 

 from protective vaccination, to prevent the reinfection of localities. 

 For this purpose it is essential, if possible, to drain thoroughly and 

 keep under cultivation the infected areas before animals are per- 

 mitted to pasture on them. The complete destruction of all anthrax 

 carcasses is also very important. This is best accomplished by burn- 

 ing, but as this method of disposal is impracticable in many locali- 

 ties, deep burial may be found to be better. Covering the carcasses 

 within their graves with quicklime adds another valuable precaution 

 against further dissemination of the infection. No animal dying 

 from anthrax should ever be skinned or cut open, as the blood from 

 these sources is one of the most dangerous means of spreading the 

 infection, being charged, while in the animal, with great numbers of 

 bacilli, which quickly turn into spores as soon as spread about upon 

 the face of the ground. All discharges from the body openings 

 should also be burned or buried deeply, as they are frequently of a 

 virulent character. 



GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



(Pis. XL-XLII.) 



Definition. — Let it be understood at the outset that glanders and 

 farcy are one and the same disease, differing only in that the first 

 term is applied to the disease when the local lesions predominate in 

 the internal organs, especially in the nostrils, lungs, and air tubes, 

 and that the second term is applied to it when the principal mani- 

 festation is an outbreak of the lesions on the exterior or skin of the 

 animal. The term glanders applies to the disease in both forms, 

 while the term farcy is limited to the visible appearance of external 

 trouble only; but in the latter case internal lesions always exist, 

 although they may not be evident. 



Glanders is a contagious constitutional disease of the genus Equus 

 (the horse, ass, and mule), readily communicable to man, the dog, 

 the cat, the rabbit, and the guinea pig. It is transmitted with diffi- 



