CLIMATE. 11 



of Lund in Scania lying in 55 42', at an elevation of sixty 

 feet above the sea may be reckoned at 7 28' C.* 



In Lund the longest day is 17h. 28m. , and the shortest 

 6h. 15m. In Christiania, in Norway, the mean yearly tem- 

 perature is + 5 36' ; in Gothenburg, + 7 97'; in Copen- 

 hagen, + 7 92'. 



In the middle of Sweden the winters are long and severe ; 

 but, strange to say, the climate appears to be altering, for I 

 often hear the old hands regret that we rarely have now one 

 of the old-fashioned Swedish winters. 



It certainly does appear that, of late years, the winter 

 sets in later, and lasts longer into the spring. The summer 

 is delightful when it fairly sets in, but the spring itself is 

 not so pleasant as in England, for there is very little inter- 

 regnum between winter and summer here, and the spring in 

 the midland and northern districts is often only a long thaw. 



In 1864 the spring was exceedingly backward, and we had 

 no real summer weather up to June 1st. We generally had 

 2 C. of frost at night in Wermland. The oats were not 

 planted till about the middle of May ; the potatoes scarcely 

 till June, and on June 1st the trees could hardly be said to 



* In Sweden the Centigrade (or as it is also called, from its author, 

 the Celsius) thermometer is used. In England that of Fahrenheit. 

 9 F. = 5 C. The way to convert Fahrenheit into Centigrade is to deduct 

 32, then multiply by 5 and divide by 9 ; thus : 212 F - ~ 32 X 5 _ IQQO Q Jf 



you want to convert Centigrade into Fahrenheit you must multiply by 9 



1 00 P \f Q 

 and divide by 5, and then add 32 j thus : - y-^ - + 32 = 212 F. 



The addition and subtraction of 32 is owing to that difference in the freezing 

 point of the two scales. As F. stands for Fahrenheit, so C. expresses Centi- 

 grade, or Celsius. The following table shows some of the corresponding 

 points after two grades ; 



212 F. equals 100 C. 



200 93.33 



140 60 



100 37.77 



60 15.55 



50 10 



32 (freezing point) freezing point. 



17.77 



