MINES. 25 



outlet to the North Sea only through the three belts, can 

 scarcely be regarded as anything more than a large fresh- 

 water lake. Its depth varies considerably, nowhere, how- 

 ever, exceeding 145 fathoms, in many places not fifty. On 

 account of the fresh water which 253 rivers pour into it, 

 the water of the Baltic is one-fifth less salt than that of the 

 Atlantic, and there are no tides. 



After some excellent remarks on the geology of the land 

 and the formation of the Scandinavian fells (which I much 

 wish I had space enough to insert fully), he concludes thus 

 " If we now consider that the medium limit of perpetual 

 snow over Scandinavia between 60 and 70 north latitude is 

 not more than about 4500 feet above the level of the sea ; that 

 the medium height of the Scandinavian fell range (of which 

 many square miles even now lie within the perpetual snow 

 region) is about 4000 feet ; and that about one-fourth of the 

 whole Scandinavian continent lies 3000 feet above the level 

 of the sea, and consequently not more than 1500 feet below 

 the limit of perpetual snow ; so it will be easy to guess what 

 will be the result, if this gradual rising of the land progresses 

 yearly after the same rate as at the present day. We can, 

 then, easily reckon (if we take into consideration how much 

 the land has risen within a given period) how many thousand 

 years will elapse before the whole of Scandinavia is again 

 covered with glaciers, in case this elevation of the land still 

 goes on." 



This is certainly a most interesting subject to the geolo- 

 gist ; but as it is pretty certain that the country will remain 

 much in its present state, at least, till a reprint of this book 

 is called for, I think I may venture to go on with my task. 



METALS AND MINERALS. 



Gold is found in Sweden, but in very small quantities. 

 They are now turning their attention to the gold, which is 

 found mixed with the copper in the Falun mines, and I 

 believe the yearly return is something like 100 Ib. 



Silver is found in Sala mine in Westmanland and 



