SCANDINAVIAN FAUNA. 205 



ledgments to the authors of those works which have alone 

 enabled me to complete it; and first I must mention 

 Professor Nilsson a name well known to every British 

 naturalist to whose pains-taking and excellent treatises on 

 every branch of the vertebrated zoology of Scandinavia, I am 

 principally indebted for the information contained in the fol- 

 lowing pages. It will be gratifying to all true naturalists 

 to learn that this good old man and devoted naturalist, is still 

 alive and hearty, after more than half a century spent in the 

 good cause, that of imparting knowledge to others in one of 

 the noblest sciences to which man can turn his attention ; 

 and all I trust is, that he may yet live some years to enjoy 

 the hard-earned reputation to which a laborious and usefully 

 spent life have so well entitled him. Kjarbolling's " Danish 

 Birds " and Kroyer's ' c Danish Fishes/-' both excellent works, 

 have been my principal guides to the study of the Danish 

 fauna, while WrightV Birds " and Malmgren's "Fishes," of 

 Finland, both lately published, have enabled me to lay before 

 the British naturalist an account of the bird, and fish fauna, of 

 a land but little known. To many private friends I am also 

 indebted for assistance, and a ten years' close study of the 

 northern fauna, has enabled me to perform my task without 

 entirely relying upon others for assistance. I have also 

 given a list of the birds of Greenland and Spitzbergen, from 

 the latest and best authorities. 



I may add, that throughout this whole list I have strictly 

 followed Nilsson's arrangement, not because I consider it 

 altogether the best, but because I fancied it would be the most 

 interesting to the British naturalist. The measurement in 

 every case is Swedish, but there is only this difference be- 

 tween the Swedish and English foot, that the latter is longer 

 by five- sixteenths of an inch. The reader will, however, 

 see that my measurement of Swedish specimens, often differs 

 from that given by British authorities. 



Scandinavia, throughout the whole work, means Sweden 

 and Norway. 



The letter D. denotes that the species is also met with in 

 Denmark, as the letter F. denotes that it is met with in Fin- 



