PINE GKOSBEAK. 311 



145. PYRRHULA VULGARIS, Tern. Domlierre. The Bull- 



finch. D. F. 



Length about 6^ in. ; head, wings, and tail black ; 

 rump white ; back ash grey ; a pale grey band across 

 the wings ; under parts in male red, in female grey. 

 Is met with in summer throughout the whole country, as 

 far as Quickiock, Lapland ; remains in the midland districts 

 throughout the winter. 



Gen. Corythus, Cuv. 

 Beak not so thick as in the last ; upper mandible hooked. 



146. CORYTHUS ENUCLEATOR, Cuv. Tallbit. The Pine 



Grosbeak. D. F. 



Length 8^ in. ; wing breadth 14 in. ; tail 3 in. 41.; 

 wings and tail blackish, with two white bands across 

 the former ; body colour in the adult male deep red, 

 female grey-brown or yellowish. 



The male grosbeak, like the male crossbill, is subject to 

 much variation in colour ; and as I have paid some attention 

 to the subject of the change of plumage in both these birds, 

 I will shortly describe the different stages. 



The nest plumage of the young pine grosbeak is dull 

 olive-green, with a tinge of red occasionally on the head and 

 breast, but I never saw the longitudinal dark spots which 

 are peculiar to the young of the crossbills. 



The dress of the young after the first moult in autumn is 

 ash-grey in the male, slightly tinged with reddish brown on 

 the breast; reddish yellow on the head. In the female, 

 the tinge on the breast and head (especially) is much more 

 yellow, and this is the only difference in the plumage of the 

 two sexes at this age. The young males retain this plu- 

 mage till at least the next or second autumnal moult, and 

 that they can breed in this first plumage, I proved by 

 taking the nest up at Quickiock, and shooting both male 

 and female, which were very much alike. I cannot say how 

 long they retain this first dress, but I fancy until the second 



