FISHES. 537 



I was dredging in Ladoga, in 1862, I found Gammarus lori- 

 catus and cancelloides living in great numbers in forty and a 

 hundred fathoms of water, but not in shallow water, and 

 it is just these Crustacea that pehuli live on. The large 

 nieria, on the contrary, destroys small fish, which live in 

 shallower water.''' 



I can, in most respects, confirm Malmgren's statements, 

 from studying the habits of the charr in our Wermland 

 lakes. I have seen the common charr of 4 or 5 Ib. taken 

 in Wermland frequently, and the largest I ever saw we took 

 in a Lap lake at Quickiock. This was a male fish, in splendid 

 condition, 2 ft. 2 in. long, weight 6f Ib., caught on June 

 20th; but I have heard of charr weighing 9 Ib., taken from 

 our Wermland lakes, and this on reliable authority. 



In his list of European charrs, Dr. Giinther, in his 

 diagnosis of $. salvelinus, says (A), "The length of the 

 pectoral fin in the mature fish less than one half of the dis- 

 tance between the roots of the pectoral and ventral fins ;" 

 lateral line 190; lower parts red. 



Of the 8. Alpinus he says (B), "The length of the pec- 

 toral fin in the mature fish more than or equal to one half of 

 the distance between th'e roots of the pectoral and anal fins ;" 

 lateral line 195 200. And in his description of 8. salvelinus, 

 L., Nilss., he notices a large male specimen from our Lake 

 Wetter. He further remarks, " The length of the head in 

 8. salvelinus exceeds the height of the body; the eye is 

 smaller than in 8. AlpinuSj and although the number of 

 scales in both fish is the same in specimens of a correspond- 

 ing age and size, the pectorals in salvelinus are much longer, 

 the maxillary is less developed," etc. 



Opinions are much divided as to whether this 8. sal- 

 velinus is a distinct species, or only a form of the common 

 charr. All I can say is that I have examined specimens of 

 both these fish together, and when they are of the same size 

 I have been unable to detect much difference. Malmgren 

 decidedly says that they are the same fish, and Nilsson only 

 gives it as a form, not a variety, although at present I think 

 it safest to retain it as a distinct species. Nilsson's diag- 



