670 TEN YEARS IN SWEDEN. 



depth of eighty, to one hundred fathoms. Spawns in April 

 and May. 



149. E. CABDINA, Fries. Sma Hvar. Ekstrom's Topknot. 



D. 



Anal body pointed alike at both ends. Colour on the 

 upper side yellowish brown, with irregular dark spots ; 

 scales ciliated on the edges. The dorsal, which begins 

 just before the upper eye, has none of the foremost rays 

 lengthened, and ends, like the anal fin, a little behind 

 the root of the tail. Greatest height about one-third of 

 the length. 



Has only as yet been found off the Bohus Land coast, in 

 Sweden, and the west coast of Norway. 



In remarking on this fish, which has only just been added 

 to the British fauna from one single specimen taken in the 

 Bristol Channel in 1863, Couch observes: " There is much 

 confusion in the two or three writers I have been able to 

 consult on the fish to which I have assigned the English 

 name of Ekstrom's topknot ; and there cannot be a doubt 

 that the name R. cardina, given to it by the Swedish authors 

 in their works on Scandinavian fishes, is misapplied, as it 

 bears little likeness to the species which is thus named 

 by Cuvier, who refers to Jago's figure in Ray's ' Synopsis/ 

 f. 2, where it is represented under the name of the whiff. 

 This last-named fish, E. cardina of Cuvier, is the ' carter ' of 

 our work." (The whiff of Yarrell.) 



In describing this new species, he remarks that ' ' both 

 eyes are nearer the snout than in R. hirtus, Yarr. ; on the 

 cheeks the scales are regular, and plainly visible, while they 

 are not discerned in the R. hirtus ; the pectoral is longer 

 and more pointed, and the uncoloured side, as well as the 

 cheeks, is covered with ciliated scales, which is not the case 

 in R. Mrtus" 



Mlsson remarks that this species, especially when young, 

 much resembles the whiff, but the form of the body is very 

 different ; and they may be distinguished from each other by 

 the following characters : 



