MADEIRAN GROUP. 219 



Habitat Maderam ; in humidis editioribus, rarissima. 



The P. cassidula is a Pupa which appears to be extremely 

 rare, and one which is perhaps less satisfactorily defined than 

 any of the others. Nevertheless my examples, which are from 

 the collection of Mr. Lowe, and which were taken by myself and 

 the late Kev. W. J. Armitage at a rather high elevation (amongst 

 vegetable detritus) at the base of lofty, perpendicular rocks in 

 the Kibeira de Sta. Luzia, in the south of Madeira proper, a 

 locality in which it has subsequently been met with by Mr. 

 Watson, have I think sufficient peculiarity about them to 

 establish the species as distinct from its allies ; though I must 

 confess that I should be glad to see a large number, and in a 

 more highly coloured condition, in order to test the accuracy of 

 the diagnosis. 



The true affinities of the P. cassidula are, I imagine, with 

 the P. Loweana, particularly with what I have defined as the 

 4 var. /3. transiens ; ' but it is paler, and a little more coarsely 

 striated ; and the lateral denticle of its outer lip is somewhat 

 more prominent internally, causing the sinus (which is appre- 

 ciably smaller) to be less open, or more narrowly closed-in 

 behind. 



Pupa concinna. 



Pupa concinna, Lowe, Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. (1852) 

 Pfeiff., M on. Hel. in. 544 (1853) 



Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 212 (1854) 



Alb., Mai. Mad. 65. t. 16. f. 11-12 (1854) 



Habitat Maderam editiorem sylvaticam ; in aquosis raris- 

 sima. 



The P. concinna, which was well defined by Mr. Lowe in 

 his original diagnosis, appears (as already stated) to have been 

 confounded latterly, both by himself and others, with the larger 

 and more ovate species which I have just enunciated under the 

 name of P. Loweana. In reality however it is smaller and 

 much more oblong (or less widened posteriorly) than the latter, 

 and therefore in proportion a little more obtuse at the apex ; 

 its surface is a trifle more coarsely and closely striated ; and its 

 aperture has the first ventral plait not only more oblique, so as 

 to close-in more completely (in conjunction with the relatively 

 somewhat larger lateral denticle) the sinus, but likewise totally 

 unconnected by a corneous sphincter with the angle of the lip. 



The habits also of the P. concinna appear to be different 

 from those of the P. Loweana ; for whilst the latter haunts the 

 dripping masses of Marchantia polymorpha which mat the 

 rocks at a low elevation, the P. concinna occurs, on the con- 

 trary, in almost the highest altitudes, where it is to be met 



