INTRODUCTION. 41 



neath it, and covering the muscle, shall likewise he put on 

 the stretch then, with a light and steady stroke of the 

 knife, cut in the direction of the muscular fihres, and close 

 to them, so as to he sure that all cellular tissue is removed, 

 and the muscle thus fairly exposed. Indeed, if the student 

 will simply recollect to keep his knives in first-rate order, 

 hold the integument tense, and always cut in the course of 

 and close to the fihres of the muscle, he cannot fail to make 

 a neat dissection. 



ORGANIZATION. 



The structure and functions of the organs belonging to 

 living beings constitute the science of organization. 



The vegetable and animal creation compose its two great 

 divisions. 



It is the animal organization which claims our attention. 



An organ is regarded to be any portion of a living body 

 capable of performing a complete act or operation, and this 

 act of the organ is styled its function thus the eye is the 

 organ of sight the ear, the organ of sound and hearing, &c. 



A number of organs, of different kinds, conspiring to one 

 end, or to bring about one result, constitute an apparatus, 

 as the apparatus of digestion, the lachrymal apparatus, &c. 



Organs of the same kind form a system, as the muscular, 

 osseous and nervous systems and 



The organs collectively have been styled the organism. 



A variety of definitions have been given as to the essen- 

 tial nature of organization. One physiologist defines it 

 to be the "process by which an organized being is formed, 

 and organism the result of such process." 



By another, organization is made to consist in a "pecu- 

 liar form and structure, containing liquids of the same 

 nature as itself." 



