LIGAMENTS. 151 



names from a variety of circumstances, as from situa- 

 tion, use, attachment, direction, resemblance to certain 

 things, &c. Examples of situation are seen in the lat- 

 eral ligaments; of use, in the capsular; of attachment, 

 in the sacro-sciatic; of direction, in the crucial; and of 

 resemblance, in the coracoid, trapezoid, &c. 



Ligaments may be arranged, according to the motion of 

 the part in which they are found, into three divisions : 



1. Articular, 2. Non-articular, 3. Mixed. 



All these divisions have their fibres arranged in such a 

 way as to assume one of two forms either that of bundles, 

 called the funicular, or that of membrane, the membrani- 

 form. 



The articular ligaments are the most important; they 

 belong to the different joints, tie together different bones, 

 where there is motion, and present both the funicular and 

 membranous forms, as seen in the humeral and femoral 

 articulation. Here the membrane is called the capsular 

 ligament, which is a sheath surrounding the articulating 

 bones, binding them together, and having its inner surface 

 lined by synovial membrane. The funicular ligament has 

 its fibres collected in a rope or cord, which may be internal 

 to the capsule, as the ligamentum teres of the thigh joint, 

 or external, as the lateral ligaments of other joints. All 

 these ligaments have one of their faces corresponding with 

 the synovial membrane, the other to the surrounding cel- 

 lular tissue, except those within the capsule, which have 

 an entire covering of synovial membrane. 



The non-articular ligaments are attached to different 

 parts of the same bone, where there is no motion. They 

 close notches, for the transmission of vessels and nerves, as 

 the supra-orbital, or shut up foramina, for the attachment 

 of muscles, as the obturator. Those closing notches are 

 funicular; those shutting foramina are membranous; and 

 both are without a synovial membrane. 



The mixed ligaments partake of the characters of the other 

 two, in belonging to different bones, like the articular, and 



