THE NOSE OR ORGAN OF SMELL. 379 



Jiliformes, &c. The minute structure of the papillae is be- 

 lieved to consist essentially of capillaries and nerves. The 

 capillaries are seen disposed in the form of arches and loops, 

 while the precise arrangement of the nervous tissue, which 

 is very soft, is not ascertained. 



The anterior, lateral, and posterior parts of the clorsum of 

 the tongue possess the faculty of taste in the highest de- 

 gree ; the anterior and lateral papillae being thought the 

 most quickly sensitive to the qualities of sapid bodies, while 

 the posterior retain their impressions for a longer time. 



The papillae and tongue are most abundantly supplied 

 with nerves which come from three sources ; the ninth or 

 hypoglossol, the gloss o-pharyngeal, and the lingual or gusta- 

 tory branch of the fifth. The question now is, which of 

 these nerves is the nerve of taste ? The ninth nerve, it is 

 pretty well agreed, is one of motion, and supplies the differ- 

 ent muscles of the tongue. The glosso-pharyngeal is found 

 to be exclusively distributed to the mucous membrane, and 

 its papillae covering the base of the tongue; while the gus- 

 tatory goes to the papillaa on the tip and sides of the 

 tongue. Hence these two latter nerves are regarded as the 

 source of common sensation and the special sense of taste. 

 The glosso-pharyngeal is also regarded as the medium of 

 sympathy between the tongue and stomach, and as com- 

 bining in harmonious concert all the various organs con- 

 cerned in deglutition. 

 \ 



SECTION IV. 



THE NOSE OR ORGAN OP SMELL. 



The nosej occupying a situation between the orbits, above 

 the mouth and in front of the pharynx, is a symmetrical 

 organ placed along the median line of the body. It con- 

 sists of a variety of parts adapted to the purposes of smell, 

 and is likewise an open avenue for the free passage of the 

 air during respiration. 



Its anatomical elements include bone, muscle, cartilages, 

 blood-vessels, and nerves, covered by the common integu- 



