MUSCLES ON POSTERIOR NECK AND BACK. 



493 



the lumbar vertebrae ; on a level with the last rib a division 

 occurs. The sacro-lumbalis forms the outermost and larger 

 portion, and is inserted by long and 

 slender tendons, into all the ribs at 

 their angles. 



The longissimus dorsi is nearest 

 the spine, and is inserted by short 

 tendons into the transverse processes 

 of all the dorsal vertebra^ and by 

 tendinous and fleshy slips into all 

 the ribs between their tubercles and 

 angles. 



Function. These two muscles ex- 

 tend the spine, and preserve it in 

 the erect state. On separating these 

 muscles, six or eight tendinous and 

 fleshy slips are seen coming from 

 the superior margin of the ribs and 

 attaching themselves to the lower 

 surface of the sacro-lumbalis ; they 

 are called the musculi accessorii ad 

 sacro-lumbalem. 



The spinalis dorsi is a purely ten- 

 dinous muscle, situated along the 

 edges of the spinous processes. It 

 arises tendinous from the two supe- 

 rior lumbar and three inferior dorsal spines, and is inserted 

 tendinous into the nine upper dorsal spines. Function. The 

 same as the two last. These three muscles are covered by 

 the fas da lumborum. 



The cervicalis ascendens or descendens, appears to be a 

 continuation of the sacro-lumbalis. It arises from the upper 



FIG. 151 represents the deep Muscles of the back and neck. 1 3 Longissi- 

 mus dorsi, its lower and upper portions. 2 Upper part of sacro-lumbalis. 4 

 Spinalis dorsi. 5 Cervicalis descendens. 6 Transversalis cervicis. 7 Trachelo 

 mastoideus. 8 Complexus. 9 Transversalis cervicis, its insertion. 10 Semi- 

 spinalis dorsi. 11 Semi-spinalis colli. 12 Rectus capitis-posticus-minor. 13 

 Rectus capitis-posticus major. 14 Obliquus capitis superior. 15 Obliquus ca- 

 pitis inferior. 16 Multifides spina3. 17 17 Levatores costarum. 18 Inter- 

 transversales. 19 Quadratus lumborum. 



