BLOOD-VESSELS OF THE NECK. 507 



minor. In its course it crosses the scalenus anticus, the 

 phrenic nerve, and the brachial plexus. This vessel not 

 unfrequently comes from the subclavian. 



The transversalis colli, or posterior scapular passes trans- 

 versely outward over the scaleni muscles, and through the 

 brachial plexus to the superior posterior angle of the sca- 

 pula, where it ends* in two branches, the superficial cervical, 

 supplying the trapezius, splenius, and levator scapulae ; and 

 the continued trunk, the posterior scapular, which descends 

 along the base of the scapula to supply the rhomboid and 

 other muscles arising from this quarter. It anastomoses 

 with the subscapular, a branch of the axillary. 



The cervicalis anterior or ascending cervical ascends upon 

 the scalenus anticus, supplying it, the longus colli and the 

 tectus capitis anticus major, and sending branches to th$ 

 spinal cord and its membranes. 



The pro/undo, cervicis, or cervicalis posterior, arises from 

 the upper and back part of the subclavian, on a level with 

 and outside of the vertebral ; it ascends outward and back- 

 ward between the transverse processes of the sixth and 

 seventh cervical vertebrae, ascending on the back of the neck 

 to supply the complexus and other deep muscles, and anas- 

 tomosing with the descending branches of the occipital. 

 This vessel is sometimes a branch of the superior intercostal. 



VEINS OF THE NECK, (Fig. 154.) 



The veins of the neck belong to the external jugular, 

 internal jugular, anterior jugular, and subclavian veins. 



The external jugular begins at the angle of the lower jaw 

 by the junction of the internal maxillary and temporal 

 veins ; it then descends the neck, crossing the sterno-mas- 

 toideus, covered by the platysma myoides and superficial 

 cervical fascia. At the root of the neck it penetrates the 

 deep cervical fascia behind the attachment of the sterno- 

 mastoideus, and terminates in the subclavian on the out- 

 side of the internal jugular. Its upper portion is accom- 

 panied by the auricularis magnus nerve, one of the ascend- 

 ing filaments of the cervical plexus. The branches which 



