518 GANGLIA OF THE HEAD. 



maxillary gland, is of small size, and communicates with 

 the gustatory and lingual nerves, and with the sympa- 

 thetic filaments of the facial artery, also, through the 

 Vidian nerve, with the carotid plexus and the rest of the 

 cranial ganglia. 



The otic-ganglion (or ganglion of Arnold) is found, 

 directly below the foramen ovale, on the inside of the in- 

 ferior maxillary nerve, upon the outside of the Eustachian 

 tube, and anterior to the middle meningeal artery. It is 

 a small, not very distinct, and reddish body, distributing 

 filaments to the tensor palati and tensor tympani muscles, 

 and communicating, by its branches, with both the motor 

 and sentient portions of the inferior maxillary, and with 

 the facial and tympanic branches of the glosso-pharyn- 

 geal. 



The naso-palatine or ganglion of Cloquet. The existence 

 of this body as a proper ganglion has been doubted. It is 

 very small, and when present, found in the foramen inci- 

 sivum, distributing branches to the anterior palate, and 

 communicating with the ganglion of Meckel, by means of 

 the internal nasal branch passing off from this latter gang- 

 lion and going to the ganglion of Cloquet. 



.Ganglion of Laumonier (Fig. 157.) This ganglion, 

 named after its discoverer, is generally seen on the under 

 surface of the carotid artery, within the carotid canal, 

 though sometimes found in the cavernous sinus. It is 

 small, and appears to be an expansion of the petrosal nerve 

 before joining the carotid plexus, and is also called the 

 ganglion caroticum, or cavernosum. 



It is represented as a flattened, elongated ganglion, form- 

 ing the connecting link between the cranial and extra- 

 cranial portions of the sympathetic. 



A variety of opinions are entertained as to the origin 

 of the sympathetic. Some say it arises in the brain ; 

 others, along the course of the spinal marrow, and its 

 coccygeal extremity; while others, more recently, place 

 its origin in the lining coat of the arteries. 



Those who assert its origin from the brain, say it is 



