578 THE LIVER. 



pensory ligament, from front to back, into two unequal 

 portions. 



The lower surface is very irregular, being marked by 

 several eminences 'and depressions, or fissures. Eunning 

 from the notch in the anterior edge of the liver backward, on 

 a line corresponding with the direction of the suspensory 

 ligament, is the umbilical or horizontal fissure, containing 

 in its anterior portion the obliterated umbilical vein, and 

 in its posterior the remains of the ductus venosus. This 

 fissure divides the liver into its right and left lobes, and is 

 sometimes converted at its anterior part into a complete 

 tube, by a portion of the substance of the liver crossing it 

 after the manner of a bridge and connecting its edges. 



The transverse fissure, situated near the centre of the 

 lower surface, is quite broad, about two inches in length, 

 and crosses the umbilical at right angles. It contains the 

 hepatic artery and duct, the vena portarum, lymphatics and 

 nerves, and cellular tissue which bind all these together. 



The right lobe is much the largest, and contains nearly the 

 whole of the transverse fissure. Proceeding from it, behind 

 the transverse fissure, and between it and the posterior part 

 of the umbilical, is another lobe, called lobulus Spigelii or 

 middle lobe. This lobe is somewhat pyramidal in its shape, 

 and sends over the transverse fissure a projecting papilla, 

 which is one of the porta or gateways of the liver. An 

 elongation of the lobulus Spigelii, outward and forward 

 along the right lobe and behind the transverse fissure, is 

 called the lobulus caudatus. On the right lobe and in front 

 of the transverse fissure, between the umbilical fissure and 

 the gall bladder, is seen another elevation, not so distinct, 

 called the lobulus quartus or anonymus. Its posterior ex- 

 tremity is opposite the Spigelian, and constitutes the second 

 port a of the liver.* 



* The author had an opportunity of witnessing a very curious transposition of 

 parts on the inferior surface of a liver taken from a subject in the dissecting 

 room of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. The following account was 

 sent to the Medical Examiner, from which we quote : "I am sorry to say 

 that I did not witness the removal of this liver, and did not see it in its natural 

 situation, and cannot hence state, with positive certainty, which of the edges 



