THE URETERS. 643 



substance, and various salts, as the phosphate" and sulphate 

 of lime, muriate of ammonia and soda, and salts of magne- 

 sia, are also found as constituents of the urine. 



SECTION II. 



THE URETERS. 



The ureters, (Fig. 205,) one for each kidney, are the ex- 

 cretory ducts, and extend from the kidney to the bladder, 

 conveying the urine from the former into the latter. Thej 

 are about the size of a goose quill, and of an average length, 

 of eighteen inches. They commence in the pelvis of the 

 kidney, and emerging at the fissure behind the vessels, 

 take a course downward through the lumbar regions, upon 

 the anterior surface of the psoas magnus, and behind the 

 peritoneum, crossing the primitive iliac arteries to the 

 pelvis, which they enter. Here they cross the internal 

 iliacs and vasa deferentia, and proceed to the back part of 

 the bladder, which they enter by passing very obliquely 

 through its coats, and terminating about ten or twelve 

 lines from the neck. In the female, the ureter is in relation 

 with the Fallopian tubes and broad ligaments. 



The ureters consist of two coats, an outer or fibrous, and 

 an inner or mucous coat. The fibrous is composed of 

 dense cellular tissue. The mucous is pale, without valves, 

 and traced into the bladder. 



These tubes are larger at their commencement and ter- 

 mination than in the middle. They are capable of great 

 dilatation, as seen in cases of obstructed urine, and in the 

 passage of large calculi to the bladder, in which condition! 

 they exhibit the greatest sensibility. 



SECTION III. 

 THE BLADDER, (VESICA URINARIA.) 



The bladder is a musculo-membranous sac, situated mostly 

 within the pelvis, behind the pubis, and in front of the rec- 

 tum. It is the largest of all the reservoirs of secretion, and 

 receives the urine from the ureters. 



