LIGAMENTS OF THE HAND. 



TOT 



FIG. 223. 



margin of the lower ends of the radius and ulna, and be- 

 low to the margin of the three carpal bones of the first 

 row, the scaphoides, lunare, and cunei- 

 forme, fibres being traced also to the 

 bones of the second row. This liga- 

 ment is loose and thin, presenting 

 spaces at different points at which the 

 synovial membrane appears. 



The external lateral ligament extends 

 from the styloid process of the radius 

 to the scaphoides, and on even to the 

 trapezium and annular ligament. 



The internal lateral ligament extends 

 from the styloid process of the ulna to 

 the cuneiform bone, and is long and 

 round. Between the lateral, anterior 

 and posterior ligaments are spoken of, 

 which are simply a thickening of the 

 capsular on the front and back por- 

 tions of the joint. 



The triangular ligament is fibro-cartilaginous, and is con- 

 nected with the styloid process of the ulna and the carpal 

 end of the radius, separating the ulna from the cuneiform 

 bone. It is sometimes perforated, and seems to be a continu- 

 ation of the cartilage on the lower extremity of the radius. 



The annular ligament is a strong fibrous membrane, 

 attached externally to the scaphoid and trapezium, and 

 internally to the cuneiform, unciform and pisiform bones. 

 It gives the arched form at the wrist, and keeps the flexor 

 tendons in their proper places, and on the back of the 



FIG. 223 represents the Ligaments of the Wrist Joint. 1 Interosseous liga- 

 ment. 2 Radio-ulnar. 3 Capsular ligament. 4 External lateral. 5 Internal 

 lateral ligament. 6 Capsular ligament of the carpal bones. 7 Os-pisiforme. 



8 Ligaments joining the metacarpal with the second row of the carpus. 



9 Capsular ligament of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb. 10 Capsular 

 ligament of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb. 11 External lateral 

 ligament of the same joint. 12 Capsular ligament of the metacarpo phalan- 

 geal joint of the index finger. 13 13 Lateral ligaments of similar articulations. 

 14 Inferior palmar ligaments. 15 Capsular and lateral ligaments of the last 

 joint of the thumb. 



