MUSCLES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY. 



and fourth metatarsal bones. The dorsal portion consists 

 of thin broad layers of fibres, which extend from the ante- 

 rior upper surface of the os calcis to the upper surface of 

 the cuboides. 



The navicular bone and cuboid are united by an inter- 

 osseous ligament, and the naviculare and three cuneiforme 

 bones are connected by a triple ligament passing from one 

 to the other. A synovial membrane belongs to all the 

 articular surfaces. 



The ligaments of the metatarsus consist chiefly of trans- 

 verse dorsal and plantar fibres, which pass from the tarsal 

 to the metatarsal bones on the top and sole of the foot, and 

 interosseous ligaments situated at the sides of the tarsal 

 ends of the four metatarsal bones of the small toes. 



The ligaments of the phalanges have a very similar 

 arrangement with those of the fingers, and it may there- 

 fore simply be remarked that the anterior ends of each 

 metatarsal bone are connected by transverse fibres, called 

 anterior plantar ligaments. They are received into the 

 cavities of the first phalanges, being furnished, as all the 

 phalanges, with lateral ligaments and synovial membranes. 



CHAPTER II. 



ACTIVE ORGANS OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY. 



SECTION I. 

 MUSCLES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY. 



Muscles of the Thigh. Those on the anterior and internal 

 thigh. The psoas and iliacus internus muscles are described 

 under another head. 



Dissection. Make an incision from the anterior superior 

 spinous process of the ilium, along Poupart's ligament to 

 the spine of the pubis. From the centre of this make a 

 second down the front and middle of the thigh, to a little 

 below the knee ; cross this latter by two transverse incisions, 

 one at the upper, the other at the lower third of the 



