iy PREFACED 



in the English language, and to those readily accessible 

 in the public libraries of our larger towns. 



As to the difficult question of nomenclature, I 

 have in each group employed the names used in some 

 standard work, indicated in the list of books of 

 reference. Where these names are out of date a 

 reference is given to a source from which the modern 

 terminology can be learnt. Unless such valuable 

 books as Gosse's Sea- Anemones are to be rendered use- 

 less to the beginner, this seems the only possible 

 course in a popular book. 



The figures, which I owe to my sister Miss Florence 

 Newbigin, have in many cases been drawn from actual 

 specimens; the source from which the others have 

 been obtained is indicated in the list of illustrations. 

 To my sister I am also indebted for the Index. 



MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN 

 EDINBURGH, June, 1901 



