456 



INDEX 



Air, apparatus for supplying to aquaria, 

 283,* 285.* 

 in fruit, 317. 



— leaf, 187-191, 198,* 199,* 200. 



— seed, 8,* 32, 33,* 34,* 35. 



. — - - how absorbed, 30,* 31, 32. 



— stem, how absorbed, 258, 278, 279,* 



280.* 281,* 282. 



— soil, 36, 37,* 38, 39,* 40, 103, 119,* 120,* 



124, 125, 128, 130, 132. 

 amount best suited to plants, 130. 



— — promotes beneficial chemical 



changes, 125, 126, 145, 146. 



— water, 283. 



kept from roots by flooding, 125. 



sidewalks, 126. 



soil crust, 125. 



stem hy coatings of tar, 281. 



kills bacteria, 382. 

 method of excluding, 5.* 



saturating with water vapor, 26,* 



27 * 



lack of, effect on plant, 281,* 282. 

 needed by fruit, 317. 



leaf, 191,* 192,* 193,* 194, 195. 



plants, 326. 



roots, 125, 126. 



seed, 5.* 6, 32, 33.* 34,* 35, 36, 37,* 



38, 39,* 40. 



— for starch formation, 191. 

 nitrogen of, used by plant, 149, 383-385. 



— taken from, by bacteria, 383-385. 

 plant-food in, 139, 191,* 192,* 193,* 194, 



195. 



"restored" by leaves, 191,* 192, 194, 195. 



trapped by pits of wood-cells, 235. 



"vitiated" by combustion, 191,* 192, 194. 



animals and plants, 194, 195. 



— . See Respiration. 



water vapor of, absorbed by seed, 26,* 27.* 



wood, 68. 



See, also. Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and 

 Nitrogen. 

 Air-pump, 187,* 188,* 189, 190, 353. 

 Air-spaces, effect of light on, 345. 



larger in water plants, 339. 

 Albumin. See Proteid. 

 Alcanna, as test for fats and oils, 2.59. . 

 Alcohol and lye for bleaching, 225. 



Alcohol, coagulates proteid, 254. 



dissolves chlorophyll, 181, 254. 



produced by yeast, 169, 390. 



use of, as mounting medium, .392. 

 Alder, in northern latitudes, 356. 



leaf-scars of, 245. 



protection of, against drying, 214. 

 Alfalfa, killed by flooding, 125. 



roots of, penetrate deeply, 134. 

 Alinit, 384. 



Alisma. See Water Plantain. 

 Alkali, black, 159. 



for softening water, 151. 



renders absorption difficult, 336. 



salts of, form crust, 127, 159. 



tolerated by some crops, 350. 



white, 159. 

 Alkali soils, 127, 157-160. 



— reclamation of, 159, 160. 



— salts found in, 159. 



— tests for, 157, 158. 

 Allium. See Onion. 

 Alluvial fans. 111. 



Almond, cover of, retains water, 29. 



escape of, from seed-cover, 54. 

 Alnus. See Alder. 

 Alpine plants. See Plants, Alpine. 

 Althaea. See Hollyhock. 

 Altona, cholera epidemic of, 372, 373.* 

 Alumina, as constituent of clay, 145. 



fixes plant-food, 145, 147. 

 Amaryllis, stoma of, 210. 

 Amelanchier. See Service Berry. 

 American Grapes, protection of roots of, 162. 



Plum. See Plum. American. 

 Ammonia, as reagent, 156. 



fixed by clay, 145, 147. 



produced by bacteria, 147, 149, 383. 



test for proteids, 165. 

 Ammonium molybdate, 1,56. 



oxalate, 157. 



sulphate, action of plant on, 161. 

 Ampelopsis. See Ivy, Boston. 

 Amsterdam, University of, 443. 

 Anagallis. See Poor-man's Weather-Glass. 

 Ananassa. See Pineapple. 

 Anchusa, Rust of, 405. 

 Anemone, protection of pollen by, 295. 



stomata of, 196. 



