INDEX 



457 



Animals, aid in soil formation, 109. 



avoid poisonous plants, 222. 



bury seeds, 69. 



combustion in, 35. 



decay of, 381. 



digestion in, 166-172. 



distribute seeds, 323-325. 



food needed by, 16-1, 176. 



give off carbon dioxide, 35. 



how supplied with oxygen, 176. 



protection against. See Protection. 



respii-ation of, 35. 

 Annual rings, 247. 

 Annuals, seed formation of, 314. 

 Annular tracheids, 227,* 229, 230, 231.* 

 Anthers, 288.* 



opening of, 289. 



transformed into leaf-like bodies, 359. 



withering of, 289. 

 Antibacterial substances, 379. 

 Anticlines, 111. 

 Antipodal cells, 291.* 

 Antirrhinum. See Snapdragon. 

 Antiseptics, 364. 

 Antitoxins, 378, 379. 

 Ants bury seeds, 69. 

 Apium. See Celerj'. 

 Apple, effect of fertilization of, 309. 



epidermis of fruit of, 317. 



seed of distributed by birds, 325. 



stomata of fruit of, 317. 

 Apple Plum. See Plum. Apple. 

 Apricot crossed with Plum, 415.* 

 Aquaria, balanced, 194. 



method of supplying air to, 283*, 



— — — carbon dioxide to, 284,* 285.* 

 Arabs preserve Date pollen, 294. 

 Arachis. See Peanut. 

 Arid regions, richness of soil of, 146. 

 Aristotle on the Fig. 310. 

 Arrowhead, 337,* 338,* 342. 



air passages of, 282. 

 Artemisia. See Wormwood. 

 Arteries, 176. 

 Ascent of sap, 224,* 225,* 226, 227*-2:il,* 



232*-236,* 237,* 239, 240*-243, 258. 

 Asexual reproduction liy spores, 302,* 305, 

 393, 394,* 395* 396,* 397.* 398,* 399,* 

 401. 402,* *03.* 404.* 



Asexual reproduction by vegetative parts, 



433. 

 Ash, leaf-scar of. 212. 



wood of. 230. 

 Ash of plants, 137. 

 Ashes as fertilizer, 152, 153, 154. 



benefit puddled soils, 129. 

 Asparagus, bleaching of. 34^5. 



tolerates salt, 350. 

 Aster, cross-pollination of, 304, 



green flowers of, 349. 

 Atavism, 420, 449.* 

 Atriplex. . See Salt Bush. 

 Attachment of plant to soil, 87. 



— root -hairs to soil -particles, 119,* 



120,* 121. 

 Attraction of salts, etc., for water, 8. 124. 



217, 336. 

 Atwater on foods, 173. 

 Australia, Rusts in, 404. 

 Autumnal coloration. 332. 

 Avena. See Oat. 



Bacteria, 361-389. 

 air-hating, 374, 375, 

 air-loving, 374, 375. 

 behaviour of in cultures. 368. 

 cannot live in plants. 378. 

 classification of, 368. 

 cultivation of, 361-365,* 366, 368-370. 



374-375.* 

 denitrifying, 383. 

 disinfectants for. 364. 

 effect of air on, 382, 383. 



heat on. 363, 364. 



light on, 304, 382. 



forms of, 361, 362.* 

 immortality of, 368. 

 nitrifying, 383-384. 

 of air, 366, 367. 



— "bloody bread," 368. 



— cholera, 371. 372, 373,* 376. 



— of decay. 381-387. 



— diphtheria. 376. 



— hay, 361-365. 



— lockjaw, 362,* 378. 



— milk, 372-378, 381. 



— root tubercles, 384. 385. 



— scarlet fever, 376. 



