INDEX 



471 



Irrigation. 130, 131, 135. 

 effect of, on fruit. 343. 

 Ivy, Boston. See Ivy, Japanese. 

 Ivy. English, aerial roots of. 275.* 



— attracts insects, 299. 



— leaf-mosaic of. 219. 



— starch in leaf of. 182.* 



Ivy. Japanese, leaf -mosaic of, 219. 



— tendrils of, 274. 



Ivy Geranium. See Geranium, Ivy. 



Jam, process of making, 315. 

 Japanese Ivy. See Ivy, Japanese. 



— Plum. See Plum, Japanese. 

 Jasmine, climbing of, 270. 



Jasmine, Yellow, protection of root of, 161, 



162. 

 Javelle water, 23. 

 Jelly, process of making, 315. 

 Jewelweed, protection of pollen by, 294. 

 Jimson Weed. See Thorn Apple. 

 Johnson, on bread, 178. 

 Johnson, on soil, 109, 133. 

 Juglans. See Walnut. 

 J uncus. See Rushes. 

 Juniper, seed dispersal of. 325. 

 wood of, 230. 



Kentucky Coffee Tree, leaf scar, 212. 

 Kerner and Oliver, on pollination, 307. 



— — — protection of pollen, 294. 

 King, on irrigation and soil, 109, 129, 133, 



153. 

 Knot-grass. See Polygonum. 



Laburnum, flower of, position of, 307. 

 Lactic acid. See Acid, Lactic. 

 Lactuca. See Lettuce. 

 Land. See Soil. 



Land plants. See Plants, Land. 

 Land plaster. See Lime sulphate. 

 Landslides, experimental formation of, 111. 

 Lappa. See Burdock. 

 Larkspur n^eds light for germination, 47. 

 Lateness, 412. 

 Lathyrus. See Pea, Sweet. 

 Laurel, air-passages of, 280. 

 Leaf absorbs light, 201. 

 air in, 187*-190. 



Leaf, air-spaces in. 198,* 199,* 338.* 

 as absorbing organ, 200. 

 as mulch, 115. 

 arrangement of, 220,* 221.* 

 benefited by washing, 215. 

 absorbs carbon dioxide, 200. 

 — oxygen, 194, 195. 

 autumn, 332. 



bleaching of, with lye and alcohol, 225. 

 coloj; of, in autumn, 332. 

 compared to root, 200, 201. 

 decomposes carbon dioxide, 191,* 192,* 



193,* 194, 195. 

 development of, 250,* 251. 

 effect of cold on, 354.* 



dryness on, 345. 



freezing on, 353. 



heat on, 345. 



light on, 184, 185, 344.* 345,* 346, 



347. 



water on, 341, 342,* 343.* 



wind on, 345. 



energy absorbed by, 196, 201. 

 evaporation from. See Leaf, transpira- 

 tion of. 

 fall of, 212, 332. 



caused by spraying, 215. 



foliage, contrasted with seed-leaf, 180- 



186. 

 follows sun, 217, 218, 345. 

 food in, 181. 

 function of. 181-223. 

 gives off carbon dioxide, 191.* 192,* 193,* 



194, 195. 

 hinge-like joints of, 218, 220. 

 injured by fumigation and sprays, 215. 

 internal structure of, 196-212 (198,* 199,* 



201,* 202,* 208,* 209,* 210.* 211.* 

 microscopic structure of, 196-198,* 199*- 



201,* 202,* 208,* 209,* 333,* 334,* 335,* 



336,* 337,* 338,* 340,* 344,* 345,* 402,* 



403,* 404.* 

 method of fixing air-tight in stopper, 



205.* 

 movements of , 217, 218.* 219,* 220.* 221.* 

 of water plants, 337,* 338.* 

 osmosis in, 242. 

 position of, 216, 217, 218.* 

 propagation by, 433. 



