472 



INDEX 



Leaf, protection of. against animals by bit- 

 ter taste. 222, 223. 



hairs, 221. 



— — hugging the ground, 223. 



poisonous substances, 222. 



prickles, 221. 



spines, 221, 334. 



teeth, 222, 334. 



texture. 223. 



thorns, 221. 



enwrapping, 251, 261. 



drying, by hairs, 213, 333, 334,* 



335.* 



position, 217, 218.* 



reduction of surface, 215, 



332, 342.* 



in number of stomata, 



215, 235, 336.* 



— rolling, folding, etc., 213, 



334. 



sunken stomata, 215, 335, 



337.* 



thicker cuticle, 333, 334,* 



337,* 338.* 

 — — — — — water -proof substances, 



214, 251, 333, 334.* 

 water - retaining substan- 

 ces, 216. 

 raises sap, 242. 

 respiration of, 194, 195. 

 scale, 347. 

 shade, 3^4,* 345.* 

 sleep position of, 218.* 

 starch formation in, 182-203 (182,* 184,* 

 186,* 191,* 192.* 193,* 198.* 199,* 201,* 

 202*). 

 starch in. 181. 182.* 183. 

 storage of food in, 260. 

 strength of, how secured, 267.* 

 sun. 344.* 345.* 

 transpiration of. 203*- 206.* 207, 208,* 



209,* 210,* 211*-218,* 317, 328, 348. 

 turns toward light. 217-219. 

 unequal growth of opposite sides of, 251. 

 variegated, starch in. 185. 

 veins of. 198,* 199,* 225, 267.* 

 water, 337,* 338.* 339.* 340.* 

 withdrawal of nutriment from, in au- 

 tumn. 332. 



Leaf, work of, 163-285. 



See, also, Seed-leaf and Stomata. 

 Leaf green. See Chlorophyll. 

 Leaf-mold, 107. 



— capacity for holding water of, 132. 



— test for humus in, 155. 

 Leaf-mosaic, 219. 

 Leaf-scar, 212, 245, 332. 



Leathery texture protects against animals, 



223. 

 Lenticel, 232,* 278, 279.* 

 Leontodon. See Dandelion. 

 Lettuce, Prickly, sun- and shade-leaves of, 



344.* 

 Levees, protected by plants, 277. 

 Life, length of, in plants, 286. 

 Light, absorbed by leaves. 201. 



affects absorption of carbon dioxide. 207. 



chemical action caused by, 182 * 184,* 185 

 195, 196, 201, 316, 364, 382. 



kills bacteria, 364, 382. 



effect of, on chlorophyll, 184,* 185. 



color of fruit, 316. 



— — — direction of growth of plant, 



264, 346. 



— — — evaporation from the soil, 115. 

 eye, 196. 



flowers, 295, 296, 298, 308, 347, 



348. 

 form of plant, 184,* 185, 261, 327, 



328,* 329,* 344,* 345*-348. 



fruit. 308. 342. 347. 



— fruit and flower production, 347. 



— — — germination, 47. 

 growth. 253. 



leaves, 184,* 185, 217-219, 344,* 



345,* 346. 



Mould, 394. 



portion of effective in heliotropism, 265. 



starch formation, 196. 



relation of, to self -pruning of trees, etc. 



261. 

 starch formation, 182,* 184,* 185, 



201. 



stem, 264,346. ' 



stomata, 207-209. 



transpiration, 207. 



electric, for growing plants .346. 

 needed by plants, 326. 



