484 



INDEX 



Service berry, hairy covering of leaf of, 213. 



Setchell, acknowledgement to, x. 



Sewage, purification of, 381, 382. 



Shade plants, 344. 



Shamel, work of, 434-439. 



Shells as fertilizer, 151. 



Shoot. See Stem. 



Sidewalks exclude air from roots. 126. 



Sieve tubes, 227,* 231,* 232,* 236,* 254, 255. 



Silage, 387, 388. 



Silica, 145. 



Silt, 118. 



Silver grain. See Medullary rays. 



Silver nitrate, 158. 



Simple pits, 227,* 232.* 



Size, increased by breeding, 410, 411,* 413,* 



416,* 422, 423.* 

 Sleep position of flowers, 294, 295. 



leaves, 218.* 



Smallpox, 379. 



Smut, 397-401. 



Smut of Corn, 397, 398,* 399,* 400, 440. 



Smut of Grain, 400-401. 



Smut, Stinking, 400. 



Snapdragon, flower of, opened by bees, 308. 



protection of pollen by, 294. 

 Snow as mulch, 117. 

 Snyder, on fertilizers, 153. 



— foods, 173, 178. 



Soap for soft?niug bark, 248. 

 Soda for softening water, 151. 



in soils, test for, 158. 

 Soda-water dissolves marble, etc., 141. 

 Sodium chloride. See Salt. 



nitrate as fertilizer, 148, 153, 154. 



— plant selects nitric acid from, 161. 

 sulphate in soils, 158. 



— test for. 158. 



Soil, absorption from, 103-162. 

 affects the distribution of plants, 351. 

 action of rain on, 111-113, 129. 

 aeration of, 126. 128. 

 air in, 36, 37.* 38. 39.* 40, 103, 119,* 120,* 



124-126. 128, 130, 132. 

 alkali, 157-159. 

 alluvial, 109. 



as a laboratory for preparation of plant- 

 food, 146. 

 as a sponge, 146. 



Soil as a storehouse of plant-food, 146. 

 burial of seeds in, 69, 70. 

 capillary action of, 116. 

 chemical action in, 144-153. 

 classified, 108. 

 clayey, 106. 

 color of, 107, 108, 155. 

 composition of, 104, 105. 

 contact of, with seed, 21, 

 crust of, 116, 117, 125, 126,* 127, 129. 

 drainage of, 40. 

 drift, 109. 



evaporation from, 115. 

 exploration of, by roots, 133-135. 

 formation of, 109, 110. 

 heart of, 107. 

 heat absorbed by, 43. 



— retained by, 43. 



humus in. 104, 107, 132, 133, 145, 148, 351 



— — test for, 155. 



injured by over-irrigation, 131. 



tilling at wrong time, 129. 



lifts water. 114. 

 lime supplied to, 151. 



— in. test for. 157. 

 mechanical analysis of, 104. 

 mellow, 107. 



mineral substances in. 136-160. 

 nitrogen supplied to, 147-150. 



— in, test for, 155. 

 of arid regions, 146. 

 phosphorus supplied to, 150. 



— in. test for. 155. 156. 



physical condition of, 115,* 116,* 117,* 

 119,* 120,* 124, 125, 126,* 127,* 128,* 

 129-133, 384. 



potash supplied to, 152. 



plant food in, 136-160, 201. 



puddled. 125. 129. 



required by cuttings, etc., 108, 262. 263. 



salts in, 136-160. 



sandy. 105. 



saturated, 118. 



sour, sweetened by lime, 152. 



temperature of, 43. 



tests for, 155-160. 



texture of. See Soil, Physical condition 

 of. 



tilth of. See Soil, Physical condition of. 



