PAET I 



LECTURE II. 



GENERAL DIVISION OF SCIENCES. — -DEPARTMENTS OF BOTANICAL 

 SCIENCE. PARTS OF A FLOWER. ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. 



8. The Universe, as composed of mind and matter^ gives rise 

 to various sciences. The knowledge of mind may be consid- 

 ered nnder two general Jieads: Theology,""'^ or that science 

 which comprehends onr views of the Deity, and onr duties to 

 Hiin ; " Philosophy of the human mind, or metapliysics^\ which 

 is the science that investigates the mind of man, and analyzes 

 and arranges its faculties. 



9. The knowledge of matter^ which is included under the 



feneral term. Physics^ may be considered under tlwee general 

 eads: Natural Philosophy, which considers the effects of 

 bodies acting upon each other by their mechanical j)owers, as 

 their weight and motion ; Chemistry, in which the properties 

 and mutual action of the elementary atoms of bodies are inves- 

 tigated ; I^ATURAL History, which treats of the external forms 

 and characters of objects, and arranges them in classes. 



Natural History is divided into th^ee hvanches : ZooloctY,:j: 

 which treats of animals ; Botany, which treats of plants ; 

 Mineralogy, which treats of the unorganized masses of the 

 globe, as stones, earths, &c. ; Geology, which treats of miner- 

 als as they exist in masses, forming rocks, is a branch of min- 

 eralogy. 



Departments in Botany. 



10. Botany treats of the Yegetable kingdom. It compre- 

 hends the knowledge of the nature of plants, their structure 

 and habits, with the relations they bear to each other, and to 

 the mineral and animal kingdoms. 



The classification of plants by means of comparing tlieir dif- 

 ferent organs is termed Systematic Botany. The hnoidedge of 

 the relations and uses of the ^carious parts of plants with respect 

 to each other.^ is termed^ Physiological Botany. This depart- 

 ment includes Yegetable Anatomy, or Structural Botany. 



* From the Greek Theos, God, and loffos, a discourse, 



+ From mc««, beyond, and pkusis, nature. This term originated with Aristotle, who, considering 

 the study of the intellectual world as beyond that of the material world, or physics, called it 7neta ta 

 phusis. 



X From zoe, life, and logos, a discourse. 



8. Divisions of the sciences which relate to mind.— 9. Those which rolato to matter.-" -10. Definitiou 

 ot Botany — Divisions of Uio Bubject. 



