AI^ALTSIS OF THE KOSE. 17 



beardless ;' the * leaves are linear,' ' subulate,' or pointed at the end ; ' chauAeled, 

 or furrowed. 



"We have now found the botanical name of this plant to be Diantuus caryophyl- 

 lus ; and that it belongs to, 



Class 10th, Decandria. Order 2d, Digynia. 



In this way it should be labeled for an herbarium, giving also the name of the 

 Natural family, which in due time the student will be instructed to find. 



In this process, /owr distinct steps have been taken: 1st, to find the class ; 2d, 

 the order ; 3d, the genus ; and 4th, the species. 



We can now proceed in the same manner with the analysis of any plant which 

 belongs to the first ten classes, as all these classes depend upon the number of 

 stamens. 



15. In analyzing a Lily, if natural flowers are not at hand, let the student refer 

 to Figures 1st, 2d, and 3d; this flower belongs to the 6th class, Hexandria ; 1st 

 order, Monogynia. (See Class 6th, Order 1st, page 43, Appendix.) This order, 

 containing many genera, is divided into several sections ; 1st, contains flowers, ' loith 

 a calyx and corolla' The Lily has no calyx, therefore it is not in this section ; 

 2d, ' Flowers issuing from a spatha.' The Lily has no spatha, ' or slieath at its 

 base,' therefore it is not in this section ; 3d, ' Flowers with a single, corolla-like peri- 

 anth' The Lily has such a corolla-like envelope, therefore we may expect to find 

 it described under this section ; we proceed to compare each genus with our flower, 

 till we find one which corresponds with the Lily. * Hemerocali.is ; ' Corolla six- 

 parted;' this shows that the corolla is all of one piece,* with six divisions in the 

 border. The Lily has six petals, therefore look no further in this genus. ' LiLron ;' 

 We compare each particular in this description with our flower, and find an agree- 

 ment in every respect. In the description of a genus, the diff'erent organs of the 

 flower are considered ; in the species, the distinctions are cliiefly drawn from dif- 

 ferent circumstances of the leaves, sterns, d:c. The flowers of two plants may agree 

 in the organs of fructification, while the leaves, stalks, and branches, are ver}"- un- 

 like ; in this case, the plants are considered as belonging to different species of the 

 same genus. Thus, the shape of the leaves, the manner in which they grow on the 

 stem, the hight of the stem, with the number of flowers growing upon it, the man- 

 ner in which they grow, whether erect or nodding, these, and other circumstances, 

 distinguish the difterent species. The color, a quality of the flower usually the 

 most striking, is, in botany, little regarded. 



a. In the 11th class, Icosandria, and the 12th class, Polyandria, we are to re- 

 mark, not only the number of stamens, which is always more than ten ; but the 

 manner in u'hich they are inserted, or the part of the flower on which they are situ- 

 ated. If, in pulling oft" the corolla, the stamens remain upon the calyx, the plant 

 belongs to the 11th class; but if the corolla and calyx may be botli removed, and 

 the stamens still remain on the receptacle, the plant is of the 12th class. It is said 

 that no poisonous plant has the stamens growing on the calyx; in the 11th class we 

 find many of our most delicious fruits, as the Apple, Pear, <fec. 



16, The Rose, on account of its beauty, is a conspicuous flower in the 11th class ; 

 it is oTten dignified with the title of " queen of flowers." 



a. We perceive, on examining the Rose, that its numerous stamens are attached 

 to the calyx. A more perfect idea of their situation may be obtained by removing 

 the petals, and cutting the calyx longitudinally. Therefore, because it has more 

 than ten stamens growing upon the calyx, it belongs to the 11th class, Icosandria. 

 The pistils being more than ten, it is of the 13th order, Polygynia. It belongs to 

 the genus Rosa. The shape of the calyx is ' urnform ;' the calyx is ' inferior,' 'five 



* We shall use the terms monopetalous and pol}'petalous, as botanists have been accustomed to do 

 m descriptions of plants, thougli, according to tlie later theories, monopetalous corollas consist of several 

 cohering petals, and should be called gamopetalous (from monos, one, and gamos, union), or united 

 petals. • 



15. Analysis of the Lily— Parts of the plant referred to in describing the genus and the species— New 

 eirciiin-tances to be considered in the 11th and 12th classes.— 16. Analysis of the Rose.— a. Why is it 

 in the Uth class ?— why the 13tli order i— Generic characters of the Eose. 



