LEAVES. 



47 



deeply indented at their margins ; and according to the number of these indenta- 

 tions, tliey are said to be tltree-lobed, four-lohed, tkc. Fig. 43, a, represents a tliree 

 lobed leaf, as may be seen in the Hepatica triloba. 



p. Shiuate (from sinus, a bay) is ap- 

 plied to leaves which have theii' margins 

 indented with deep, romidish divisions, 

 as the leaf at b, Fig. 43. 



q. Emarginatc, denotes a slighter in- 

 dentation, as the leaf at c. Fig. 43. 



r. Flabelliform, or fan-shaped (from 

 flabellum, a fan), is seen in some of the 

 palms. In China they are used for fans, 

 and sold to foreign merchants for the 

 same purpose. Fig. 44 is a representa- 

 tion of the dwarf fan-palm. 



s. Stellated, or whorled (from stella, a 

 star), is applied both to leaves and 

 flowers, and relates to the manner in 

 which they grow around the stem, as in 

 Fig. 45. 



Fig. 45. 



t. Tubular ; as in the leaf of the onion. 



The Sarracenia, or side-saddle flower, has the sides of its leaf united, forming a 

 cup, which is found filled with liquid, supposed to be a secretion from the vessels of 

 the plant. In some countries of the torrid zone, is the wild pine, or black mosa 

 {Tillandsia), tlie leaves of which are hollowed out at their base, so as to be capable 

 of containing more than a pint of fluid, A traveler says, " By making an incision 

 into the base of this leaf, and collecting in our hats the water which it contained, 

 we could obtain a sufficient supply for the relief of the most intense thirst." This 

 water is not a secretion from the plant, but is deposited during the rainy season. 

 The pitcher-plant {Nepenthes distill atori a. Fig. 

 46), aftords a most singular tubular appendage to 

 its lanceolate leaf; beyond the apex of the leaf a, 

 the mid-rib extends in the form of a tendril, 

 which is inflated into a hollow bend forming the 

 cup or pitcher 6, about six inches in length and 

 one and a half in diameter ; it is furnished with 

 a ligament like a lid, c, which expands and contracts according to the state of the 

 atmosphere, so that the cup is open in damp weather to receive moisture from the 

 ail*, and closed in dry weather to prevent its evaporation. It usually contains about 

 half a pint of pure water. A small .species of shrimp lives by feeding on the insects 

 which collect in this cup. The pitcher-plant is a native of Ceylon, where the 

 monkeys frequent it for quenching their thirst ; it has for this reason been called 

 monkey-cup. 



55. Compound Leaves. — ^When several leaflets grow on one 

 petiole, the whole is termed a compound leaf^ as in the rose, 

 Fig. 47. The fall of eompoiind leaves is caused bj the separa- 

 tion of the common petiole from the main stem. Tlie number 

 and 0.11'angement of the leaflets depend upon the venation. The 



p. Slnnate— y. Emarginate— r. Flabelliform— 5. Stellated— t. Tubular.- 55. Componnd leaves. 



