PISTILS. 



71 



Fig. 83 



Fig. 83 represents a stamen with its filament a, 

 its anther b, and the discharging pollen c. When 

 the filament is wanting, the anthers are then said 

 to be sessile, as at d, wliich represents a floAver cut 

 open, showing its stamens growing sessile in the 

 throat. 



a. Ill the lily and proper grasses, the 

 anther is fixed by its middle upon the 

 apex of the filament, as upon an axis ; it 

 is then said to be versatile j when the base of the anther is 

 firmly united with the summit of the filament, it is said to 

 be erect ; when it adheres by its back to the side of the fila- 

 ment, it is adnate ; when it grows to the inside of the fila- 

 ment, or is turned inward, it is said to be introrse ; when 

 it is turned outward, extrorse. 



Fig. 84, A, represents a 

 magnified stamen,* with a 

 lanceolate anther, denticulate 

 at the sides, with two hairy 

 appendages ; filament short. 

 At B If the filament is 

 bearded at the base ; the 

 anther is two-lobed, reni- 

 form. B 2 shows the two 

 cells in each lobe, which is Jj I 

 cut horizontally. At C,X the *^j 

 three filaments are distinct 

 at the base, and connected at 

 the upper part ; anthers ad- 

 nate, linear, twisting. At D,§ 

 the anther is sagittate, the 

 filament bent, and glandular 



in the middle (at a). At E,|| the lobes of the anthers 

 vergent ; a is the filament, b the connective of the 

 At F,*[ we see at a, cordate, pedicelled glands ; b, pubescent 

 filament ; c, anther opening by four valves, throwing out pol- 

 lea At G,** the anthers are reniform, ciliate, opening trans- 

 versely ; lobes confluent at the summit, divergent at the base. 

 At H,ff the filament is enlarged at the summit; the two lobes 

 of the anther a a, adnate at the sides, parallel distant. In some 

 cases the stamens are exserted, in the early stage of the flower, 

 and in process of growth become included, as Geranium striatum 

 (Fig. 85). 



c are di- 

 anthers. 



Fig. 85, 



80. The Pistil occupies the center or axis of the flower ; it 

 constitutes the inner whorl, and consists of one or more modified 

 leaves, which are here called carpels. The analogy of carpels 

 to leaves may be deduced from their similarity of texture, hav- 

 ing stomata and glands, and from the ovules corresponding in 

 situation to the germs or buds of leaves. According to the 



* Of the BorafrinacccR family. 

 T Of the Tradcscantia virginica, 

 X Of the Cur.urbitacem family. 

 § Of the Tiliacete family. 



I Of the Labiat(C family. 

 ^ Of the Lavracicc family. 

 ** Of the I.abiatic family, 

 tt Of the genus i>e^07Ka. 



fl. Position of the anther— ]EL\Dlaiii figures.— BO. Structure of the pistil. 



