miebel's classification op fkuits. 



87 



Fig. 10(i 



91. Order 5th. Cenobionnaires (from Jcoinobion, a community), compound fruits 

 without valves or sutures, proceeding from ovaries without any adhering styles ; 

 this order contains but one genus. 1st. Cenobion includes fruit of the labiate plants 

 and some others. Fig. 106 represents the pericarp of the genus 

 Gomplua ; it is composed of five companions, a, as Mirbel calls 

 each of ^be one-celled divisions which stand around an ovoid 

 pericarp ; b represents one of these divisions cut vertically, con- 

 taining one seed. 



Oo. Order 6th. Drupaces, simple fruits, containing a nut. 

 This order has but one genus. 1st. The Drupe is composed of a 

 woody or bony panhitem;^' called the nut, and of a panextern,* sometimes dry and 

 membraneous, at others fleshy or pulpy. It may be regular or irregular, mono- 

 cephalous or polycephalous, adhering to the calyx, or free. The cherry has a pulpy 

 panextern, the peach fleshy, the walnut woody. _ 



The AMYGDAUS jo«-s?'ca, Fig. 101, a, is a succu- 

 lent drupe, of a roundish form, and furrowed 

 on the side ; the nut of this drupe is ellipsoid, 

 one-celled, and one-seeded ; b represents the 

 peach deprived of one half of its pulpy ex- 

 terior, or panextern, and exposing the nut or 

 panintern ; c represents the nut divested of 

 one of its valves, and showing the seed d. 



96. Order 7th. Baccati (from bacca, a berry), simple, succulent fruits, contain 

 ing many separate seeds. pj^ j^g 



The genera in this order are ^ f • 



the following : Isi.Piiridi- -^^^^v'>^ — 



on (from perldeo, signifying 

 lying around), a regular, 

 pome-like fruit, crowned 

 with the adhering calyx. 

 The pericai-p has several 

 cells, each of which con- 

 tains one or more seeds ; 

 the embryo has two cotyl- 

 edons, which are large and 

 fleshy. This genus con- 

 tains the apple and pear. 

 The apple (Fig. 108) has 

 a round fleshy pericarp, 

 crowned with the calyx ; 

 the seeds are inclosed in 

 five carpels,or cells, ranged 

 around in the axis of the 

 fruit ; the cells are com- 

 posed of membranaceous 

 valves. The seeds are tu- 

 nicated, or coated ; a represents an entire pyridion ; b, the same cut vertically ; 

 and c, the same transversely. At c is seen a line, showing the junction of the caJi/x 

 with the fruit proper.\ 2d. Fcpo (from pepo, a melon), a regular monocephalous 

 fruit, with a radiating placenta, containing many seeds ; the panextern solid and 

 dry ; the panintern pulpy ; it is globular in the watermelon, oblong in the cucum- 

 ber. Fig. 109 represents the cucumis anguria, prickly cucumber ; a is the entire 



* The panextern includes what is sometimes called epicarp and sarcocarp ; the panintern is the sama 

 as the encloearp. 



t " A singular fact is observable in the fruit of the apple : when cut in slices transversely, it exhibits 

 in its substance an exact rejirusentation of the five sepals which existed in the flower ; I liave never, in 

 any botanicnl work, met with a notice of tliis phenomenon." 



Jjcc. 19, 18dO. Tiie preceding note is copied from former editions of tliis work, to show the pro' 

 frressive nature of science ; at the present time this fact is fully explained. 



Fig. 109. 



94. Order Cenobionnaires, with ita genus— Cenobion.— 95. Order Drupaces, with its genus. 

 Jtaccati, with its genera. 



CG On lor 



