88 



:MrRBEL's CLASSIFICATION" OF FRUITS. 



•pepo, -which is spinose, tliree-celled, and many-seeded. 

 The cells and seeds are shown by the same fruit cut 

 transversely, as at b ; c represents a seed : this is tu- 

 nicated and dicotyledonous ; d, the same cut vertically. 

 3d. JBacca, Fig. 110, «, represents a spherical berry of 

 the genus Ribus; it is known by the name of wild 

 gooseberry ; the fruit is many-seeded, as may be seen 

 at 6 ; c shows the same fruit cut transversely 



CLASS IT. ANGIOCARPES. 



Fruits covered hij a bracty orfoliaceous envelope. 

 97. This class contains the Strobilmn, or co7ie, a collection of carcerular fruits 

 concealed by scales, formed of bracts or peduncles, whose union produces a globu- 

 lar or conical body, as the juniper, pine, (fee. Fig. Ill represents the fruit of the 

 pine, which is composed of woody, close, and indehiscent cupules. The glands are 

 membraneous, one-celled, and one-seeded: a is an entire strobilum; b is the same, 

 cut vertically ; c, the large placenta, extending lengthwise through the fruit. The 

 pineapple, Bromelia, is a strobilum. 



Fig. 111. 



Fig. 112. c\ 



1st. Calybion* (from kalubion, a little cabin) ; fruits of this genus are composed of 

 a cupide, or cup, of variable forms, and of carcerxdara enveloped entirely, or in part, 

 by the cupule. The carcerulars of calybions are called glaiuh. The gland of the 

 oak is partly concealed in its cupule ; that of the beech and yew (Taxus) is entirely 

 concealed; in the latter are two ciipides, one inclosing the other; the exterior one 

 is succulent, and of an orange-red ; the interior, which is hard and woody, incloses 

 the fruit. 



2d. Strobilum, Fig. 112, represents an acorn, the fruit of the oak (quercus robur), 

 standing in a hemispherical cupide formed of imbricated scales. The gland is ellip- 

 soid, coriaceous, one-celled, and one-seeded. The seed is tunicated ; embryo dicoty- 

 ledonous ; the cotyledons are lai-ge and fleshy ; a is an entire calybion ; b, the cu- 

 pule ; d, two abortive glands ; c, the gland cut vertically, showing the embryo near its 

 apex. 3d. Sycone (from siicon, a fig), formed by the enlargement of the cUnanthe or 

 receptacle, into a hollow fleshy substance, covered within by numerous florets, each of 

 which contains a drnpeole ; these florets in the mature state of the fruit disappear, 

 leaving only seeds imbedded in the cellular substance of the pericarp. The cavity 

 within becomes gradually filled by the increase of cellular tissue, until, as in the 

 fig, it entirely disappears. Fig. 113. a, represents a sycone, the fruit of the Ambora, 

 wliich belongs to the fig tribe of plants ; this remains open at its summit, and is 

 more woody in its texture than the common fig {Ficics carica) ; b represents the 

 fruit cut transversely, with the seeds circularly arranged within the sarcocarp. 

 4th. Sorose (from soros, a collection); this genus contains many fruits united in a spike, 

 or catkin, and covered with succulent floral envelopes. Fig. 114, a, represents the 



* This inclndes what some writers call the glajid and the nut. 



97. Class Angiocarpes — Strobilum— Calybion — Sycone— Sorose. 



