NATURAL ORDERS. 



247 



fig. 168, a, Podophyllum peltatwn (wild mandrake, May-apple) ; h, pistil en- 

 larged ; ovary ovoid, sessile, crowued by tlie large peltate stigma ; c, vertical sec- 

 tion of tlie same, showing the ovules crowded in rows upon the placenta wliich 

 occupies tlie whole length of the cell; d, cross section of the same ; e, an ovule 

 magnified. 



Pig. 1G9, a, Caltha palusiris (American cowslip); b, vertical section of the pistil 

 and ovary ; c, ovule magnified ; d, head of follicles. 



Fig. 170, Hepatica ^W/o6a (liverwort); roo£ fibrous; leaves radical, three-lobed 

 flowers terminal 



Fig. 170. 



171. 



Fig. 171, AcTEA racemosa (black snake-root) ; long, ovate raceme (a;, with centrip- 

 etal inflorescence (the lower flowers first expanding ; stem {b) tall, with bi-ternate 

 leaves. 



Fig. 172, Hydrastis canadensis (or- 

 ange-root) ; rhizome bright yellow, 

 thick knotted ; stem simple, naked, 

 with two, alternate, palmate leaves 

 near the summit ; a, diagram of the 

 aestivation of the calyx ; b, pistil mag- 

 nified ; c, vertical section of the ova- 

 ry ; d, pistils in fruit ; e, vertical sec- 

 tion of the same. 



401. MAGNOLiACEiE, the 

 Magnolia Tribe. — Trees or 

 sJiruhs. Leaves alternate, co- 

 riaceous, stipules deciduous. 

 Flowers large, solitary, usu- 

 ally odoriferous. Sepals 3-6, 

 deciduous. Petals 3-2T, in 

 several rows. Stamens in- 

 definite, distinct ; anthers ad- 

 nate, long. Ovaries numer- 

 ous, simple, arranged upon 

 the prolonged receptacle, 1- 

 celled; ovules ascending or 

 euspended. Fruit dry or succulent, consisting of numerous 



