NATURAL ORDERS. 267 



Fiff. 191. 



Fig, 189, a, Archexgelica officinalis; h, the ripe fruit, c, Fig. 190, vertical 

 section of the flower of Daucus carota ; p, petals, with inflexed points ; s, stamens, 

 one incurved at the apex ; o, ovary formed by 2 carpels adherent to the calyx ; e, 

 styles and stigmas ; d, horizontal section of the fruit with bristly ridges. 



4G3. Araliace^, the Spikenard Tribe. — Trees^ sJwubs^ or 

 herhs^ resembling umbelliferous plants in their character. Cor 

 lyx entire or toothed. Petals definite, deciduous. Stamens as 

 many as the petals, or twice as many. Ovary composed of 2 

 or more carpels, which do not separate, but become drupes or 

 berries. Seeds solitary, pendulous ; embryo small, albumen 

 fleshy. 



a. Properties : aromatic and stimulant. 

 Genera. — Aralia, Panax, Hedera, Adoxa. 



464. CoRNACE^, the Cornel Tribe. — Trees^ shrubs.^ or herbs. 

 Leawes usually opposite. Floioers in cymes, or in heads sur- 

 rounded by colored involucres. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4, in- 

 serted into the upper part of the calycine 

 tube, valvate in gestivation. Stamens alter- 

 nate with the petals. Ovary adhering to 

 the tube of the calyx, crowned by a disk. 

 Fruit a 2-celled drupe. Seeds solitary, ]3en- 

 dulous ; embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy 

 albumen. 



a. Properties : chiefly remarkable for their bitter and 

 astringent bark. 



Genus. — Cornus. 



Fig. 191. CoRNDS florida (dogwood) ; a small shrub ; 

 leaves opposite, petioled ; flowers terminal, very small, 

 surrounded by a white, showy, four-leaved iuvolucrum ; 

 fruit oval scarlet drupes. 



MONOPETALOUS ORDERS. 



465. Caprifoliaceje, the Uoney suckle Tribe. — Shrubs or herbs ^ 

 often twining. Leaves opposite. Floioers corymbose. Calyx 

 superior, limb 4-5-lobed. Corolla regular or irregular. Sta- 

 onens inserted on the corolla, equal in number to its lobes and 

 alternate with them. Ovary adherent to the tube of the calyx, 

 2-5-celled. Fruit usually a berry or drupe, crowned by the 

 persistent lobes of the calyx. Seeds pendulous, albuminous ; 

 embryo small. The sub-orders are, Loniceroe^ flowers tubular ; 

 Sambucoi.^ corolla rotate or urn-shaped. 



a. The flowers are odoriferous, extensively cultivated for ornament ; generally 

 bitter, and rather active or nauseous ; the fruit of some species is edible. 



Genera. — 1. Lonicer^ — Linntea, Symphoria, Diervilla, Lonicera, Xylosteum, 

 Triosteum. 2. Sambuo.e — Viburnum, Sambucus. 



466. KuBiACE^, the Madder Tribe. — Trees^ shrubs^ or herbs. 

 Leaves verticillate, or opposite, and furnished with stipules. 



