268 



MONOPETALOUS OEDEES. 



Fig. 192. 



Calyx adherent to the ovary, limh usually with 4 or 5 divisions, 

 sometimes obsolete. Corolla tubular 

 or rotate, with the same number of 

 divisions as the calyx. Stamens in- 

 serted on the tube of the corolla, alter- 

 nate with its lobes. Fruit various. 

 Seeds 1 or many in each cell, albu- 

 minous. This order lias been subdi- 

 vided into, 1. Stellatw^ with square 

 stems and verticillate leaves. 2. Cin- 

 chonce^ with rounded stems and oppo- 

 site leaves furnished with stipules. 

 3. LoganicB^ with oj^posite, stipulate 

 leaves, and the ovary nearly or en- 

 tirely free from the calyx. 



a. Properties : active and generally febrifugal 

 properties prevail : the roots of madder yield an 

 important dye. 



Genera. — 1. Stellat.e — Galium, Rubia. 2. Cin- 

 CHOX.'E — Spermacoce, Diodia, Cephalanthus, Psy- 

 chotria, Mitchella, Hamiltonia, Hedyotis, Opbior- 

 rliiza, Pinckneya, Houstonia, Chiococea. S. Logan- 

 i^ or Spigeli^ — Spigelia. 



Fig. 192, a, Galium circcezans ; b, a flo-wer, 

 enlarged ; c, stamens and pistil. 



467. Y ALERT AN ACEJi:, the Valerian 

 Tribe. — Herbs with opposite leaves. 

 Flowers corymbose, panicled, or in 

 heads. Calyx superior, its limb be- 

 ing either membraneous or pappose. 

 Corolla 4 or 5 lobed, tubular, sometimes spurred at the base. 

 Stamens inserted on the corolla and alternate with its lobes. 

 Ovary with one cell, and sometimes two other abortive ones ; 

 ovule solitary. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed pendulous, exal- 

 buminous ; embryo straight, 



a. Properties : strong-scented or aromatic. The roots of some species are bitter 

 tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic, and vermifugal. 



Genera. — Valerianelia, Fedia, Plectritis, Valeriana, Phyllactia 



468. DiPSACE^, the Teasel Trihe. — Herbs or under sliridys. 

 Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers densely capitate, sur- 

 rounded by an involucre. Calyx adherent, membraneous, re- 

 sembling pappus. Corolla tubular, inserted in the calyx ; limh 

 oblique, 4 or 5 lobed. Stamens 4, alternate with the"^ lobes of 

 the corolla. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed 

 solitary, pendulous ; embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy 

 albumen. 



Genera. — Dipsacus, Scabiosa. 



