NATURAL OEDEES. 



275 



LeoAies alternate, rough. Calyx 4 or 5 parted, persistent. 

 Corolla generally regular, 4 or 5 cleft, aestivation imbricated-. 

 Stamens inserted upon the corolla, and alternate with its 

 lobes. Ovary 4-parted, the style proceeding from the base of 

 the lobes. Fruit consisting of 2 to 4 distinct ach^enia. Seeds 

 destitute of- albumen. 



a. Properties : generally mucila- ^'g- ^^8. 



ginous and emollient. 



Genera. — Ouosmodium, Echium, 

 Pulmonaria, Lithospermura, Butschia, 

 Lycopsis, Anchusa, Myosotis, Sym- 

 phitum, Borago, Cynoglossum, Roche- 

 lia, Heliotropium. 



Fig. 198, a, Symphitum officinale : 

 b, a diagram of its flower ; c, its pis- 

 tU ; d, a vertical section of a nut. 



491. IlYDROPnYLLACEiE, 



the Water-leaf Tribe.— Trees, 

 shruhs, or herhs. Zeaves al- 

 ternate, often lobed. Flow- 

 ers in cymose clusters, or 1- 

 sided racemes. Calyx deeply 

 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla 

 regular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, 

 inserted into the base of the 

 corolla, alternate with its 



lobes. Ovary free, 1 or 2 celled. Fruit capsular, 2- 

 1-2-celled, with a parietal, or large, central placenta, 

 few, crustaceous ; enibryo in the midst of abundant car 

 ous albumen. 



Genera. — Hydrophyllum, Ellisia, Nemopliila, Phacelia, Hydi'olca. 



492. GentianacezEj tlie Gentian Trihe. — Rerls with a watery 

 juice. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire, sessile. Flowers 

 regular, often showy. Calyx gamosepalous, usually 4 or 5 

 divided, persistent. Corolla divided into as many lobes as the 

 calyx. Stamens inserted uj)on the tube of the corolla alternate 

 with its lobes. Ovary composed of 2 carpels, 1-celled. Cap- 

 sule or berry many-seeded ; emhryo minute, in fleshy albumen. 

 There are two sub-orders : — 1. GentianjB, corolla imbricated, 

 leaves opposite, simple, and entire. 2. Menyanthea?, corolla 

 plaited or induplicate, leaves alternate, and compound or di- 

 vided. 



a. Properties : an intense bitterness pervades all their organs, hence they are 

 used as tonics. 



Genera. — 1. Gentians— Gentiana, Swertia, Frasera, Exacum, Centaurella, Sab- 

 batia, Lisiantlius. 2. Menyanth^e — Menyantbes, Villarsia. 



493. CoNvoLvuLACE^, tJie Convolvulus Tribe. — Twining herbs 



valved. 



Seeds 



tilagin- 



