172 



SOPHOEA— SPIRAEA. 



Bqnamose ; flowers panicled ; radical leaves 

 sub-runcinate ; cauline ones ovate, acumi- 

 nate, petioled, denticulate in the middle. 

 3-5 f. Woods. 



palUtViix, (y. J. 7_f.) raceme compound, 

 terminal ; leaves lauce-ensiform, amplexi- 

 caul, dentate. 2-3 f. , 



caroUnin'nns, (y. Au. ^.) erect, glabrous?, 

 fistulous; leaves lanceolate, acute, undu- 

 late, eub-spinose, toothed, auricled at the 

 base, semi-amplexicaul ; ilowcrs somewhat 

 nmbclled. 1-3 f. S. 



SOPHO'RA, 10—1. {Lcguminosm.) 



serice'a, leaves pinnate ; leafets w^edge- 

 oval, smooth above, silky-villose beneath ; 

 spikes many-flowered, sub-sessile ; flowers 

 white, li. If. 



japon"icn, a ti'ee which produces large 

 bunches of cream-colored flowers in Au- 

 gust and September. The drooping so- 

 phora, a variety of the japonica, is very 

 different in appearance, being a trailing 

 shrub, which sends out shoots six or eight 

 feet long,in a single season. Ex. 



SOR"BUS. 11—5. (Rosacea:.) [From sorbeo, 

 ^ to suck up, because its fruit stops hemor- 

 rhages.] 



america'na, (mountain -ash, w. M. '^.) 

 leaves pinnate ; leafets lance-oblong, acute, 

 serrate, very smooth ; flowers in terminal 

 corymbs. The yellowish hemes remain 

 on the tree during winter. 13-20 f. 

 inicrocar" pa, fruit small, scarlet. 



SOR"GHUM. 3—2. {Graminea ) [An Indian 



name.] 

 , sacchara'tum, (broom-corn, y-g. Au. %.) 

 panicle somewhat whorled, spreading ; 

 seeds oval ; glumes covered with perma- 

 nent, softish hairs ; leaves linear. From 

 the East Indies. 6-8 f. 



vulga're, (Indian millet,) panicle com- 

 j)act, oval, nodding when mature ; seed 

 naked. 



SPARGA'NIUM. 19—3. (Typha.) [From 

 sparganon, a band or fillet, from the long 

 linear form and pliant texture of the leaves.] 

 _ ramo'sum, (bur-reed, w. Ju. ©.) the 3- 

 sided bases of the leaves concave on the 

 two outsides ; the general fruit stem branch- 

 ed; stigmas lineai-. In water generally. 

 Flowers in round heads; the staminate 

 heads above the pistiUate, and considerably 

 the smallest. 



angns"lifo'liiim, (floating bur-reed, w. 

 Au. 21.) leaves flat, long linear, very nar- 

 row,, much longer than the stem, weak ; 

 the part above water floating on its surface. 

 Grows in great abundance in the little lake 

 on Catskill Mountain, near the Mountain 

 House. 



SPARGANOPIP'ORUS. 17—1. (Corymhife- 

 ra.) [From sparganon, s. crown, ^nd. phcro, 

 to bear.] 



verticilla'tua, (watcr-crown-cup, p. Au. 

 14..) leaves linear, vcrticillate ; pods few, 

 terminal ; egi-et 5-toothed, submersed. 



SPAR"THJM. 16—10. (Leguminosm.) [From 

 sparlo, a rope ; so called because the tough 

 branches and bark are used in making cor- 

 dage.] 

 iunce'um, (Spanish broom, g. Tp .) branch- 



' es opposite, virgate, with terminal flowers 

 leaves lanceolate, glabrous. 



scopa'ri 117)1, (Scotch broom, g. f).) leaves 

 I ternate, .solitary, and oblong; flow^ers axil 

 I lary ; legumes pilose at the margin ; branch- 

 es angular. 

 SPER"GULA. 10—5. (CaryophyUecB.) [From 



spergos, to scatter.] 



arven"sis, (spurry, w. Ju. ^.) leaves 

 whorled ; panicles dichotomous ; peduncles 

 of the fruit becoming reflexed. 



sagitioi'des, (pearl- wort spurry, w. J. ^.} 

 glabrous; leaves opposite, subulate, awn- 

 less ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth 

 2-3 i. 



ru'hra, (red sand-wort, r. J. ^.) stem 

 prostrate, glabrous ; leaves filiform, fleshy, 

 larger than the joints ; stipules cuneate- 

 membranaceous, sheathing; stamens 5 ; cap- 

 sule angular or globose. 8 i. 

 SPERMACO'CE: 4—1. {RuMacecE.) [From 



sperma, seed, and akoke, a sharp point ; the 



seeds being pointed.] 



tenf'uior, (w. Ju. 0.) lanceolate ; flowers 

 verticillate, stamens included ; seeds hir- 

 sute. S. 



diodi'na, (Ju. 0.) stem terete ; leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers axillary, 

 sessile; stamens shorter than the corolla. 

 Dry soils. S. 



involucrafta, (w.) stem very hispid ; leaves 

 ovate, lanceolate, acuminate ; stipules ma- 

 ny-bristled ; heads terminal, involucred , 

 stamens longer than the corolla. 1 f. S. 



gla'bra, (w. J. @.) stem procumbent 

 glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 

 flowers verticillate ; seeds glabrous. S. 

 SPIGE'LIA. 5—1. (Gentianfce.) [Named by 



Linnseus, in honor of Adrian Spigelias, a 



botanist who wrote in 1606.] 



'maryland"ica, (Indian pink-root, p. J. 

 It) stem 4-sided ; leaves all opposite, ses- 

 sile, lance-ovate, entire. 9-18 i. Sometimes 

 called worm-grass, on account of its efBcacy 

 in cases of disease arising from worms. 



SPINA'CIA. 20—5. (Polygonea.) [From 

 Ispania, Spain, whence it originated.] 

 olcra'cea, (spinach, J. 0.) fruit sejssile, 

 prickly or unarmed ; leaves hastate-sagit- 

 tate ; stem branched. 1-2 f. Ex. 



SPIR^'A. 11—5. {Rosacea.) [From s;wr<7, 



a pillar ; so named from its spiral stalk.] 

 Stem more or less icoody. 



salicifo'Ua, (meadow-sweet, willow hard- 

 hack, r. w. J. ^ .) leaves lance-ovate or obo 

 vate, serrate, glabrous; flowers in panicled, 

 spreading racemes. Yax. al"ha, has white 

 petals, and often the twigs are reddish. 

 The small branches are generally killed by 

 frost in the winter, as also of the next spe- 

 cies. 2-4 f. 



tomento'la, (steeple-bush, purple hard- 

 hack, meadow-sweet, r. Ju. ^.) leaves lan- 

 ceolate, unequally serrate, downy beneath ; 

 racemes in a crowded, sub panicled spike. 

 2-3 f. 



hi/pericifo'lia, (John's-wort, hard-hack w. 

 M. ^.) leaves obovate, entire or toothed 

 at the apex; umbels sessile. Cultivated. 

 3f. 



opulifo'lia, (nine-bark, snowball, hard. 



