BRICKS AND BRICKMAKING 



15 



Frequently, especially in the case of small clamps, the double- 

 diagonal or herring-bone arrangement of the rows in each of the second 

 and third courses is dispensed with, the bricks in each of these two 

 courses being arranged in continuous diagonal rows passing straight 

 through the clamp. The rows of the third course still, however, cross 

 those of the second at right-angles. 



From now on, each course is commenced about 1 inch in from the 

 edge of the course immediately below, thus giving the clamp a taper 

 inwards towards the top, as shown in Fig. 8. 



The next eight courses consist of bricks packed closely together, the 

 bricks in alternate courses being arranged according to Figs. 7 (a) and (b), 

 which show the arrangement at one corner of the clamp. The spaces, S, 



A«j|g.W 



h^4mnA 



Fig. 7 (a). 



Fig. 7 (b). 



left between the outer bricks and the main mass, are filled with small 

 coal, as shown. 



In the twelfth course the rows again run diagonally, with 3-inch 

 spaces between filled with small coal. This course is similar to the 

 second or third course (Fig. 6). 



The next seven courses are again close packed, in alternate courses 

 as shown in Figs. 7 (a) and (&), the spaces S being filled with small coal 

 as before. 



The twentieth course is again a diagonal course similar to the second, 

 third, or twelfth, the 3-inch spaces between the rows being filled with 

 fragments of coal. 



The final nine courses are laid close-packed as in Figs. 7 (a) and (&) 

 alternately, the spaces S being filled with small coal. 



While the clamp is being built, fire-places F (Figs. '6 and 8) 

 for kindling-fires are left, and are gradually closed over on top by 



