26 FAEM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH AFBICA 



Teems Used in Brickwork 



Stretcher. — A brick laid with its length parallel to the length of 

 the wall, of which it forms a unit, is called a stretcher. 



Header. — A brick laid with its length across, or at right angles 

 to, the length of the wall, is termed a header. 



A Stretching Course is a course, or horizontal layer of bricks, com- 

 posed entirely of stretchers. 



A Heading Course is a course consisting of headers only. 



Queen Closer. — A brick halved longitudinally forms two queen 

 closers. As this is difficult to do satisfactorily, the brick is generally 

 first cut in halves transversely. From one brick, we thus get four 

 half-queen-closers. Closers are used to break the continuity of vertical 

 joints, thus producing bond. 



Bats are portions of bricks. A brick halved transversely gives 

 two half bats. If one quarter of the length of a brick be cut away, 

 the remainder is a three-quarter bat. 



Thickness of Brick Walls. — This is customarily stated either in 

 inches or number of bricks. Thus a half -brick wall is " half-a-brick " 

 or 4|- inches thick; a one-brick wall is one brick or 9 inches thick; 

 a one-and-a-half brick wall is 1£ bricks plus a mortar joint, or 14 

 inches thick, and so on. 



Distinctive Bonds 



Different bonds are in use. The ones of most importance in farm 

 buildings are Stretching, Heading, English, and English garden or 

 Colonial bonds. Flemish bond may also be mentioned. 



Stretching Bond. — In stretching bond all the bricks, which compose 

 the wall, are laid as stretchers. This bond is used for i-brick walls 

 (see Fig. 22). 



Heading Bond. — In heading bond all the bricks are laid as headers. 

 This bond is commonly used for turning sharp curves, since the short 

 ends of the headers conform better to the curve of the wall than 

 would the long edges of stretchers. An example of heading bond as 

 used in the construction of a circular sheep-dipping tank is illustrated 

 by Fig. 191. 



English Bond. — In English bond the bricks are laid so that they 



