DOOKS 93 



In the case of stables and cow-byres, the lower leaf need not be so high. 

 The brickwork jambs of all doorways through which animals have to 

 pass should be well rounded off; bull-nosed bricks may be used for the 

 purpose 



The door shown in Fig. 99 is constructed of 6" by 1" tongued and 

 grooved flooring boards forming two layers, the boards forming the outer 

 or weather layer standing vertically, and being crossed at an angle by 

 those forming the inner layer. The total thickness of the door after 

 allowing for planing will be a little less than 2 inches. The upper edge 

 of the lower leaf of the door is protected, and moisture excluded, by an 

 iron protector as shown, made from sheet iron. 



The upper leaf (not shown) is constructed and hung like the lower 

 one, and its upper edge should have a similar iron protector. 



The leaves are hung by 2 ft. hook and band hinges, and are provided 

 with 9-inch tower bolts. 



In some cases the door frame is extended upwards and the space left 

 between the head of the frame and the upper leaf of the door is fitted 

 with louvre boards, thus providing ventilation even when both leaves 

 of the door are closed, but nevertheless excluding rain and direct 

 draughts. 



Fig. 100 details a 4' 0" by 7' 6" braced and ledged door, the 

 tongued and grooved boarding being 1£ inches thick. This door is hung 

 by 2-foot hook and band hinges. 



Door Frames. — In dealing with this subject the word " frame " is 

 taken to signify the framework that is fixed to the brickwork 

 surrounding the door-opening and in which the door is hung. 



Solid Frames. — Doors in the outer walls of a building are hung in 

 solid frames (Figs. 35, 99, and 100) which are usually constructed of 4£" 

 by 3" scantlings. A solid frame consists of two uprights tenoned into 

 an upper cross piece or head. The latter projects beyond the uprights, 

 the projecting pieces or horns being built into the brickwork of the wall, 

 and serving to hold the door frame in position. 



The bottoms of the uprights are either mortised into a wooden 

 threshold or sill, or, in the case of a concrete sill, have £-inch bolts 

 inserted into them, leaving about 2£ inches or half their length pro- 

 jecting. These projecting lengths of bolt (dowels) are bedded into the 

 concrete as shown in Figs. 99 and 100. 



The frame is further held by the wooden holdfasts shown (see Fig. 40), 



